Method and system for diversity using orthogonal frequency/division multiplexing

• US 9,037,093 B2
• Filed: 10/19/2012
• Issued: 05/19/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/27/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Smith, Adrian, Li, Xiao-Dong, Steer, David, Au, Kelvin Kar-Kin, Novak, Robert, Earnshaw, Mark
• Primary Examiner(s): Trinh, Tan
• Application Number:
  US13/656,311
• Publication Number:
  US 20130051312A1
• Time in Patent Office: 942 Days
• Field of Search: 455/67.16, 455/3.02, 455/101, 455/452.2, 455/513, 455/12.1, 455/517, 455/562, 455/561, 455/429, 455/427, 455/115.1, 455/13.2, 455/502, 455/103, 375/260, 375/354, 375/340, 375/328, 375/267, 375/130, 370/508, 370/509, 370/512, 370/513, 370/514, 370/316
• US Class Current: 455/67.16
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/18534 for enhancing link reliablility, e.g. satellites diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2646 using feedback from receiver for adjusting OFDM transmission parameters, e.g. transmission timing or guard interval length
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0007 the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/023 Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals multicarrier modulation H04L27/2601
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/0045 compensating for timing error by altering transmission time

Abstract

A method and system for achieving a link budget improvement in a diverse OFDM radio system by addressing the timing misalignment issue that can occur due to the differences in propagation time in signals between mobile stations and Radio Access Nodes. Timing misalignment is shared or split between the primary path to a primary Radio Access Node and a diverse path to a diverse Radio Access Node. The relative timing offsets between mobile stations are adjusted, the mobile stations are grouped into zones using a variety of different grouping techniques, and the transmission for each mobile station is scheduled, using one or more of a variety of scheduling techniques.

Claims

1. A method for operating a base station in order to reduce timing misalignments of a system including a plurality of satellites and a plurality of mobile stations, the method comprising:

receiving a plurality of sets of time values, wherein each of the sets is associated with a respective one of the satellites, wherein the time values of each set represent arrival times of respective uplink transmissions from the respective mobile stations via the associated satellite, wherein the plurality of sets of time values are based on time delays applied respectively by the mobile stations to the respective uplink transmissions;

modifying the time delays to decrease a maximum of worst case deviations over the plurality of satellites, wherein the worst case deviation associated with each satellite is a largest of absolute values of time differences between the arrival times of the associated set;

providing the modified time delays respectively to the mobile stations so that the mobile stations are enabled to apply the modified time delays to the respective uplink transmissions.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said modifying the time delays minimizes the maximum of the worst case deviations over the plurality of satellites.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

performing a process of ranging the mobile stations with respect to a first of the satellites prior to said receiving a plurality of sets of time values, wherein said ranging process determines the time delays, wherein the time delays are determined so as to achieve synchronization of uplink transmissions via the first satellite when the mobiles stations apply the respective time delays to their respective uplink transmissions.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said modifying the time delays includes:

adding differential values to the respective time delays so as to decrease the maximum of the worst case deviations; and

modifying the time values of each set based on the respective differential values.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

partitioning the time values of at least one of the modified sets into contiguous subsets of time values, wherein the time values of each contiguous subset are no further apart than a OFDM cyclic prefix duration; and

partitioning the mobile stations into zones based on the partitioning of the time values.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

directing the mobile stations in different zones to transmit their uplink transmissions at different times, and the mobile stations of the same zone to transmit simultaneously.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the satellites include a first satellite s1 and a second satellite s2, wherein said modifying the time delays includes:

changing an i^th one of the time delays by an amount given by

½

{Δ

T(m_i,m_j,s1)−

Δ

T(m_i,m_j,s2)},

wherein Δ

T(m_i,m_j,s1) is the time difference between the arrival time of the uplink transmission from the i^th mobile station m_i at the first satellite s1 and the arrival time of the uplink transmission from the j^th mobile station m_j at the first satellite s1, wherein

Δ

T(m_i,m_j,s2) is the time difference between the arrival time of the uplink transmission from the i^th mobile station m_i at the second satellite s2 and the arrival time of the uplink transmission from the j^th mobile station m_j at the second satellite s2.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the mobile stations and the satellites are configured to communicate according to an OFDM communication protocol.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

dynamically updating the time delays by repeating said receiving, said modifying, said providing, wherein said dynamically updating enables synchronization of the uplink transmissions to be maintained in spite of movements of the mobiles stations.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the base station is configured to receive the uplink transmissions via the satellites, wherein the uplink transmissions are received using switched diversity or selection diversity of power combining diversity.

11. A base station for reducing timing misalignments of a system including a plurality of satellites and a plurality of mobile stations, the base station comprising:

a processor; and

memory storing program instructions that are executable by the processor, wherein the program instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to;

receive a plurality of sets of time values, wherein each of the sets is associated with a respective one of the satellites, wherein the time values of each set represent arrival times of respective uplink transmissions from the respective mobile stations via the associated satellite, wherein the plurality of sets of time values are based on time delays applied respectively by the mobile stations to the respective uplink transmissions;

modify the time delays to decrease a maximum of worst case deviations over the plurality of satellites, wherein the worst case deviation associated with each satellite is a largest of absolute values of time differences between the arrival times of the associated set; and

provide the modified time delays respectively to the mobile stations so that the mobile stations are enabled to apply the modified time delays to the respective uplink transmissions.

12. The base station of claim 11, wherein said modifying the time delays minimizes the maximum of the worst case deviations over the plurality of satellites.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein the program instruction, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to:

perform a process of ranging the mobile stations with respect to a first of the satellites prior to said receiving a plurality of sets of time values, wherein said ranging process determines the time delays, wherein the time delays are determined so as to achieve synchronization of uplink transmissions via the first satellite when the mobiles stations apply the respective time delays to their respective uplink transmissions.

14. The base station of claim 11, wherein said modifying the time delays includes:

adding differential values to the respective time delays so as to decrease the maximum of the worst case deviations; and

modifying the time values of each set based on the respective differential values.

15. The base station of claim 14, wherein the program instruction, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to:

partition the time values of at least one of the modified sets into contiguous subsets of time values, wherein the time values of each contiguous subset are no further apart than a OFDM cyclic prefix duration; and

partition the mobile stations into zones based on the partitioning of the time values.

16. The base station of claim 15, wherein the program instruction, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to:

direct the mobile stations in different zones to transmit their uplink transmissions at different times, and the mobile stations of the same zone to transmit simultaneously.

17. The base station of claim 11, wherein the satellites include a first satellite s1 and a second satellite s2, wherein said modifying the time delays includes:

changing an i^th one of the time delays by an amount given by

½

{Δ

T(m_i,m_j,s1)−

Δ

T(m_i,m_j,s2)},

wherein Δ

T(m_i,m_j,s1) is the time difference between the arrival time of theuplink transmission from the i^th mobile station m_i at the first satellite s1 and the arrival time of the uplink transmission from the j^th mobile station m_j at the first satellite s1, wherein Δ

T(m_i,m_j,s2) is the time difference between the arrival time of the uplink transmission from the i^th mobile station m_i at the second satellite s2 and the arrival time of the uplink transmission from the j^th mobile station m_j at the second satellite s2.

18. The base station of claim 11, wherein the mobile stations and the satellites are configured to communicate according to an OFDM communication protocol.

19. The base station of claim 11, wherein the program instruction, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to:

dynamically update the time delays by repeating said receiving, said modifying, said providing, wherein said dynamically updating enables synchronization of the uplink transmissions to be maintained in spite of movements of the mobiles stations.

20. The base station of claim 11, wherein the base station is configured to receive the uplink transmissions via the satellites, wherein the base station is configured to receive the uplink transmissions using switched diversity or selection diversity of power combining diversity.

21. A method for operating a base station in order to reduce timing misalignments of downlink transmissions from a plurality of satellites to a plurality of mobile stations, the method comprising:

receiving a plurality of sets of time values, wherein each of the sets is associated with a respective one of the mobile stations, wherein the time values of each set represent arrival times of respective downlink transmissions from the respective satellites to the associated mobile station, wherein the plurality of sets of time values are based on time delays applied respectively by the satellites to the respective downlink transmissions;

modifying the time delays to decrease a maximum of worst case deviations over the plurality of mobile stations, wherein the worst case deviation associated with each mobile station is a largest of absolute values of time differences between the arrival times of the associated set;

providing the modified time delays respectively to the satellites so that the satellites are enabled to apply the modified time delays to the respective downlink transmissions.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said modifying the time delays minimizes the maximum of the worst case deviations over the plurality of mobile stations.

23. The method of claim 21, further comprising:

performing a process of ranging the mobile stations with respect to a first of the satellites prior to said receiving a plurality of sets of time values, wherein said ranging process determines the time delays.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein said modifying the time delays includes:

adding differential values to the respective time delays so as to decrease the maximum of the worst case deviations; and

modifying the time values of each set based on the respective differential values.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein the mobile stations and the satellites are configured to communicate according to an OFDM communication protocol.

26. The method of claim 21, further comprising:

dynamically updating the time delays by repeating said receiving, said modifying, said providing, wherein said dynamically updating enables synchronization of the downlink transmissions to be maintained in spite of movements of the mobiles stations.

27. The method of claim 21, wherein the mobile stations are configured to receive the downlink transmissions from the satellites, wherein the downlink transmissions are received using switched diversity or selection diversity of power combining diversity.

28. A base station for reducing timing misalignments of a system including a plurality of satellites and a plurality of mobile stations, the base station comprising:

a processor; and

memory storing program instructions that are executable by the processor, wherein the program instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to;

receive a plurality of sets of time values, wherein each of the sets is associated with a respective one of the mobile stations, wherein the time values of each set represent arrival times of respective downlink transmissions from the respective satellites to the associated mobile station, wherein the plurality of sets of time values are based on time delays applied respectively by the satellites to the respective downlink transmissions;

modify the time delays to decrease a maximum of worst case deviations over the plurality of mobile stations, wherein the worst case deviation associated with each mobile station is a largest of absolute values of time differences between the arrival times of the associated set;

provide the modified time delays respectively to the satellites so that the satellites are enabled to apply the modified time delays to the respective downlink transmissions.

29. The base station of claim 28, wherein said modifying the time delays minimizes the maximum of the worst case deviations over the plurality of mobile stations.

30. The system of claim 28, wherein the program instruction, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to:

performing a process of ranging the mobile stations with respect to a first of the satellites prior to said receiving a plurality of sets of time values, wherein said ranging process determines the time delays.

31. The base station of claim 28, wherein said modifying the time delays includes:

adding differential values to the respective time delays so as to decrease the maximum of the worst case deviations; and

modifying the time values of each set based on the respective differential values.

32. The base station of claim 28, wherein the mobile stations and the satellites are configured to communicate according to an OFDM communication protocol.

33. The base station of claim 28, wherein the program instruction, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to:

dynamically update the time delays by repeating said receiving, said modifying, said providing, wherein said dynamically updating enables synchronization of the downlink transmissions to be maintained in spite of movements of the mobiles stations.

34. The base station of claim 28, wherein the mobile stations are configured to receive the downlink transmissions from the satellites, wherein the downlink transmissions are received using switched diversity or selection diversity of power combining diversity.