Method and system for acquiring biosignals during delivery of anesthesia or sedation in the presence of HF interference

• US 9,037,225 B1
• Filed: 12/22/2011
• Issued: 05/19/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 07/13/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NeuroWave Systems Inc., Orbital Research, Inc.
• Original Assignee: NeuroWave Systems Inc.
• Inventors: Saliga, Thomas V., Bibian, Stephane, Zikov, Tatjana
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhanu, Etsub
• Application Number:
  US13/335,256
• Time in Patent Office: 1,244 Days
• Field of Search: 600/509, 600544-546, 702/191
• US Class Current: 600/544
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1402 Probes for open surgery
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00601 Cutting
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00839 Bioelectrical parameters, e.g. ECG, EEG
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/1412 Blade
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/30 Input circuits therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/369 Electroencephalography [EEG] devices for psychotechnics A61B5/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/389 Electromyography [EMG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/398 Electrooculography [EOG], e.g. detecting nystagmus; Electroretinography [ERG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4839 combined with drug delivery
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7217 of noise originating from a therapeutic or surgical apparatus, e.g. from a pacemaker
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7221 Determining signal validity, reliability or quality A61B5/7207 and A61B5/7217 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/725 using specific filters therefor, e.g. Kalman or adaptive filters A61B5/316 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 29/26 Measuring noise figure; Measuring signal-to-noise ratio

Abstract

The present invention, herein is a method and apparatus that significantly limits the effect of high frequency (“HF”) interferences on acquired electro-physiological signals, such as the EEG and EMG. Preferably, this method comprises of two separate electronic circuitries and steps or electronics for processing the signals. One circuit is used to block the transmission of HF interferences to the instrumentation amplifiers. It is comprised of a front-end active filter, a low frequency electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) shield, and an isolation barrier interface which isolates the patient from earth ground. The second circuit is used to measure the difference in potential between the two isolated sides of the isolation barrier. This so-called “cross-barrier” voltage is directly representative of the interference level that the instrumentation amplifier is subjected to. This circuit is used to confirm that the acquired signals are not corrupted by the interference.

Claims

1. A method of acquiring biopotential signals from a subject during surgery in the presence of high frequency (HF) electrical interference resulting from an electrosurgical unit comprising the steps of:

attaching at least 2 electrodes to the subject,

performing surgery on the subject utilizing an electrosurgical unit,

acquiring and filtering biopotential signals from the subject using circuitry while performing

surgery on the subject utilizing the electrosurgical unit, with said circuitry comprising;

at least one active input filter for rejection of HF electrical interference caused by the electrosurgical unit, and

an isolation barrier where data is transmitted via magnetic coupling;

transmitting the biopotential signals to a processor, and

obtaining a quantitative measure of a level of HF interference, wherein said processor uses said measure of HF electrical interference to modify at least one behavior of the at least one input filter.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said at least one active input filter passes signals with frequencies up to 56 kHz, but filters out portions of signals with frequencies above 56 kHz.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of delivering an anesthesia or sedation drug during the surgery to reach and maintain a predetermined desired level of anesthesia or sedation using a closed-loop controller.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the quantitative measure of a level of HF interference represents a residual HF interference remaining after front-end filtering.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the circuitry further comprises a multistage amplification circuitry and an optimized low frequency shield.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one active input filter is a modified Sallen-Key filter.

7. A method of acquiring continuous brain wave signals from a subject in the presence of high frequency (HF) interference, for use in closed-loop control of anesthesia or sedation drug delivery comprising the steps of:

attaching at least 2 electrodes to a subject;

acquiring biopotential signals from the subject using an amplification circuitry for high frequency (HF) electrical interference rejection, with said circuitry comprising;

at least one active input filter,

a multistage amplification circuitry,

an optimized low frequency shield, and

an isolation barrier where power is transmitted via an optimized transformer, and data are transmitted via at least one data coil;

measuring a level of HF electrical interference across the isolation barrier; and

transmitting the signals and measured HF electrical interference level to a processor.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said at least one active input filter passes signals with frequencies up to 56 kHz, but filters out portions of signals with frequencies above 56 kHz.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein said processor uses said measure of HF electrical interference to modify at least one behavior of the at least one input filter.

10. The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of delivering an anesthesia or sedation drug during surgery to reach and maintain a predetermined desired level of anesthesia or sedation using a closed-loop controller.

11. The method of claim 7 wherein said measurement of the level of HF electrical interference is in the form of a voltage measured across the isolation barrier.

12. The method of claim 7 wherein said signals acquired are electroencephalogram (EEG) signals.

13. The method of claim 7 wherein the at least one active input filter is a modified Sallen-Key filter.

14. A method of monitoring continuous brain wave signals from a subject in the presence of high frequency (HF) interference, for use in closed-loop control of anesthesia or sedation drug delivery comprising the steps of:

attaching at least 2 electrodes to a subject;

acquiring biopotential signals using an amplification circuitry for high frequency (HF) electrical interference rejection, with said circuitry comprising;

at least one active input filter,

a multistage amplification circuitry,

an optimized low frequency shield, and

an isolation barrier where power is transmitted via an optimized transformer, and data are transmitted via at least one data coil;

measuring a level of HF electrical interference across the isolation barrier;

transmitting the signals and measured HF electrical interference level to a processor;

detecting the presence of corrupting interference; and

processing the transmitted signals in real-time, and outputting results.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein said at least one active input filter passes signals with frequencies up to 56 kHz, but filters out portions of signals with frequencies above 56 kHz.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein said processor uses said measure of HF electrical interference to modify at least one behavior of the at least one input filter.

17. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of delivering an anesthesia or sedation drug during surgery to reach and maintain a predetermined desired level of anesthesia or sedation using a closed-loop controller.

18. The method of claim 14 wherein said measurement of the level of HF electrical interference is in the form of a voltage measured across the isolation barrier.

19. The method of claim 14 wherein said signals acquired are electroencephalogram (EEG) signals.