Highly selective chemical and biological sensors
First Claim
1. A method of detecting analytes in a fluid, comprising:
- acquiring, with a network analyzer, an impedance spectrum over a resonant frequency range of a single resonant sensor circuit; and
calculating, using a processor configured to perform principal components analysis, a multivariate signature from the acquired impedance spectrum.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Methods and sensors for selective fluid sensing are provided. Each sensor includes a resonant inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) sensor that is coated with a sensing material. In order to collect data, an impedance spectrum is acquired over a relatively narrow frequency range, such as the resonant frequency range of the LCR circuit. A multivariate signature may be calculated from the acquired spectrum to discern the presence of certain fluids and/or fluid mixtures. The presence of fluids is detected by measuring the changes in dielectric, dimensional, resistance, charge transfer, and other changes in the properties of the materials employed by observing the changes in the resonant electronic properties of the circuit. By using a mathematical procedure, such as principal components analysis (PCA) and others, multiple fluids and mixtures can be detected in the presence of one another, even in a high humidity environment or an environment wherein one or more fluids has a substantially higher concentration (e.g. 10×, 1,000,000×) compared to other components in the mixture.
12 Citations
27 Claims
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1. A method of detecting analytes in a fluid, comprising:
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acquiring, with a network analyzer, an impedance spectrum over a resonant frequency range of a single resonant sensor circuit; and calculating, using a processor configured to perform principal components analysis, a multivariate signature from the acquired impedance spectrum. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A method of detecting chemical or biological species in a fluid, comprising:
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measuring, with a network analyzer, a real part and an imaginary part of an impedance spectrum of a single resonant sensor antenna coated with a sensing material; calculating, with the network analyzer, at least six spectral parameters of the single resonant sensor antenna coated with the sensing material; reducing, with a first processor configured to perform canonical correlation analysis, regression analysis, nonlinear regression analysis, principal components analysis, discriminate function analysis, multidimensional scaling, linear discriminate analysis, logistic regression, or neural network analysis, the impedance spectrum to a single data point using multivariate analysis to selectively identify an analyte; and determining, with the first processor or a second processor, one or more environmental parameters from the impedance spectrum. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. A method for controlling selectivity of a sensor response of a sensor having a single integrated circuit (IC) chip, comprising:
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powering, with a diode rectifier, the single IC chip to at least one power level to affect an impedance spectral profile of the sensor; collecting, with a network analyzer, spectral parameters of the sensor response at the at least one power level; performing, with a first processor configured to perform canonical correlation analysis, regression analysis, nonlinear regression analysis, principal components analysis, discriminate function analysis, multidimensional scaling, linear discriminate analysis, logistic regression, or neural network analysis, multivariate analysis of the spectral parameters; and calculating, with the first processor or a second processor, values of environmental parameters to which the sensor is exposed from data produced by performing the multivariate analysis and using stored calibration coefficients. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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Specification