Methods, systems, and apparatuses for driveline load management

• US 9,043,060 B2
• Filed: 01/03/2012
• Issued: 05/26/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cummins Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Cummins Incorporated
• Inventors: Sujan, Vivek Anand, Andreae, Morgan MacKenzie, Books, Martin T., Wei, Xi, Shaw, Terrence
• Primary Examiner(s): Jabr, Fadey
• Assistant Examiner(s): Troost, Aaron L
• Application Number:
  US13/342,800
• Publication Number:
  US 20120232730A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,239 Days
• Field of Search: 701/22, 307/9.1, 320/125, 914/08, 180/65.25, 602/86, 700/300
• US Class Current: 701/22
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/28 characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/12 using control strategies taking into account route information estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters B60W40/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/0039 of the propulsion unit
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/0057 Frequency analysis, spectral techniques or transforms
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/06 Combustion engines, Gas turbines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/24 Energy storage means
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/248 Age of storage means
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2556/10 Historical data
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2556/50 of positioning data, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System] data
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/0666 Engine torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/1005 Transmission ratio engaged
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2720/106 Longitudinal acceleration
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/1882 characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 50/0097 Predicting future conditions
• CPC Class Codes: B60Y 2304/00 Optimising design; Manufacturing; Testing
• CPC Class Codes: B60Y 2304/05 : Reducing production costs, e.g. by redesign
• CPC Class Codes: F02D 2200/503 : Battery correction, i.e. corrections as a function of the state of the battery, its output or its type
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/84 : Data processing systems or methods, management, administration

Abstract

A system includes a hybrid drive system having an internal combustion engine and a non-combustion motive power source. The system includes an energy storage system and a controller. The controller is structured to functionally execute operations to improve an efficiency of they hybrid drive system. The controller interprets duty cycle data, a boundary condition, and an optimization criterion. The controller further elects a load response operating condition in response to the duty cycle data, the boundary condition, and the optimization criterion. The controller adjusts the operation of the engine and/or the motive power source in response to the elected load response operating condition.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a hybrid drive system including an internal combustion engine and a non-combustion motive power source;

an energy storage system;

a controller structured to;

interpret duty cycle data including at least one of power output data and torque output data for a load on the hybrid drive system over an operating period, a boundary condition for at least one parameter associated with an acceptable set of load response operating conditions, and an optimization criterion that defines an operational efficiency of the hybrid drive system, wherein the duty cycle data is interpreted by performing a frequency component analysis of the at least one of the power output data and the torque output data to determine a largest load amplitude thereof from a number of load amplitude peaks each corresponding to a particular frequency, wherein the largest load amplitude is correlated to an amount of time that a motive power requirement is greater than a power deliverability of the engine;

elect a load response operating condition that includes a power division description between the internal combustion engine and the non-combustion motive power source in response to the largest load amplitude from the frequency component analysis of the duty cycle data, the set of acceptable load response operating conditions associated with the boundary condition, and the optimization criterion; and

adjust operation of at least one of the engine and the motive power source in response to the operating condition.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further structured to determine an energy requirement of the energy storage system in response to the largest load amplitude, wherein the energy requirement is an energy accumulation device drain amount that is based on the amount of time, wherein the controller is structured to adjust the operation of the at least one of the engine and the motive power source in response to comparing a usable energy value of the energy storage system to the energy requirement.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the boundary conditions comprises at least one parameter selected from the parameters consisting of:

a battery state-of-charge (SOC) minimum, a battery SOC maximum, an energy accumulator SOC minimum, an energy accumulator SOC maximum, a maximum speed, a time-to-destination value, a minimum speed, and an estimated driving route.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the optimization criterion comprises at least one parameter selected from the list of parameters consisting of:

an internal combustion engine output distance from an optimal torque value, an internal combustion engine output distance from an optimal torque trajectory, a total system fuel economy, an internal combustion engine motive fuel economy, a battery incremental service life value, and a battery state of health incremental value.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further structured to interpret the optimization criterion in response to an operator input.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the adjusted operation of the one of the engine and the motive power source comprises at least one operation adjustment selected from the adjustments consisting of:

a target speed change, a governor droop adjustment, an engine/motor output apportionment adjustment, a battery SOC target adjustment, an engine torque limit, and a transmission gear ratio command.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the motive power source comprises an electric motor and wherein the energy storage system comprises at least one of a battery and a hyper-capacitor.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the motive power source comprises a hydraulic motor and wherein the energy storage system comprises at least one of a hydraulic accumulator and a flywheel.

9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a vehicle having a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding 26,000 pounds, wherein the internal combustion engine and the motive power source are motively coupled to the vehicle.

10. The system of claim 9, further comprising at least one clutch structured to selectively couple the internal combustion engine and the motive power source to the vehicle, individually or in conjunction.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further structured to interpret the duty cycle data in response to global positioning satellite (GPS) data.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further structured to interpret the duty cycle data in response to one of stored route data and stored geographical data.

13. An apparatus, comprising:

a workload definition module structured to interpret;

duty cycle data for a motive power system for a vehicle having a plurality of motive power sources, and wherein the workload definition module is further structured to interpret the duty cycle data by performing a frequency component analysis of at least one of power output data and torque output data for a load on the motive power system output over an operating period to determine a largest load amplitude from a number of load amplitude peaks each corresponding to a particular frequency of the plurality of motive power sources, wherein the lamest load amplitude is correlated to an amount of time that a motive power requirement is greater than a power deliverability of one of the motive power sources;

a boundary condition for at least one parameter associated with an acceptable set of load response operating conditions; and

an optimization criterion that defines an operational efficiency of the motive power system;

an efficiency strategy module structured to elect a load response operating condition that includes a power division description between the plurality of motive power sources in response to the largest load amplitude from the frequency component analysis of the duty cycle data, the set of acceptable load response operating conditions associated with the boundary condition, and the optimization criterion; and

an efficiency implementation module structured to adjust operation of at least one motive power source of the motive power system in response to the load response operating condition, wherein each of the workload definition module, the efficiency strategy module, and the efficiency implementation module is implemented in at least one of hardware and a non-transitory computer readable medium.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising an energy storage system operationally coupled to at least one of the motive power sources, wherein the efficiency strategy module is further structured to determine an energy requirement of the energy storage system in response to the largest load amplitude, wherein the energy requirement is an energy accumulation device drain amount that is based on the amount of time, wherein the energy efficiency strategy module is structured to adjust the operation of the at least one of the motive power sources in response to comparing a usable energy value of the energy storage system to the energy requirement.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the workload definition module is further structured to interpret the duty cycle data in response to global positioning satellite (GPS) data.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the workload definition module is further structured to interpret the duty cycle data in response to one of stored route data and stored geographical data.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising an aftertreatment response module structured to interpret an aftertreatment regeneration condition, and wherein the efficiency strategy module is further structured to elect the load response condition in response to the aftertreatment regeneration condition, wherein the aftertreatment response module is implemented in at least one of hardware and a computer readable medium.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the efficiency strategy module is further structured to delay an aftertreatment regeneration operation in response to an impending motive power system output increase.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a cooling component response module structured to interpret a cooling condition, and wherein the efficiency strategy module is further structured to elect the load response condition in response to the cooling condition, wherein the cooling component response module is implemented in at least one of hardware and a computer readable medium.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the efficiency strategy module is further structured prevent a fan engagement event in response to an impending motive power system output decrease.

21. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising an operator interface module structured to interpret an operator optimizing input, and wherein the workload definition module is further structured to interpret the optimization criterion in response to an operator optimizing input, wherein the operator interface module is implemented in at least one of hardware and a computer readable medium.

22. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the efficiency strategy module is further structured to determine an operator behavior recommendation in response to the duty cycle data, the boundary condition, and the optimization criterion, and wherein the apparatus further comprises an operator interface module structured to provide the operator behavior recommendation to an output device, wherein the operator interface module is implemented in at least one of hardware and a computer readable medium.

23. A method, comprising:

interpreting duty cycle data for a motive power system for a vehicle having a plurality of motive power sources, wherein the interpreting the duty cycle data comprises performing a frequency component analysis of at least one of power output data and torque output data for a load on the motive power system over an operating period to determine a largest load amplitude thereof from a number of load amplitude peaks each corresponding to a particular frequency, wherein the lamest load amplitude is correlated to an amount of time that a motive power requirement is greater than a power deliverability of one of the motive power sources;

interpreting a boundary condition associated with an acceptable set of load response operating conditions;

interpreting an optimization criterion that defines an operational efficiency of the motive power system;

electing a load response condition that includes a power division description between the plurality of motive power sources in response to the largest load amplitude from the frequency component analysis of the duty cycle data, the set of acceptable load response operating conditions associated with the boundary condition, and the optimization criterion; and

adjusting operations of at least one of the motive power sources in response to the load response condition.

24. The method of claim 23, further comprising performing the frequency component analysis on global positioning satellite (GPS) data.

25. The method of claim 23, further comprising performing the frequency component analysis of vehicle altitude data.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein the adjusting operations comprises performing at least one operation selected from the operations consisting of:

changing a target speed, adjusting a governor droop, adjusting a motive power system output apportionment between the plurality of motive power sources, adjusting a battery SOC target, adjusting an energy accumulator SOC target, adjusting an engine torque limit, and commanding a transmission gear ratio change.

27. The method of claim 23, wherein the interpreting the boundary condition comprises performing at least one operation selected from the operations consisting of:

determining a battery state-of-charge (SOC) minimum, determining a battery SOC maximum, determining an energy accumulator SOC minimum, determining an energy accumulator SOC maximum, determining a maximum speed, determining a time-to-destination value, determining a minimum speed, and determining an estimated driving route.

28. The method of claim 23, wherein the interpreting the optimization criterion comprises performing at least one operation selected from the operations consisting of:

determining an internal combustion engine output distance from an optimal torque value, determining an internal combustion engine output distance from an optimal torque trajectory, determining a total system fuel economy, determining an internal combustion engine motive fuel economy, determining a battery incremental service life value, and interpreting an operator input.

29. The method of claim 23, further comprising an energy storage system operationally coupled to at least one of the motive power sources, wherein interpreting the optimization criterion includes determining an energy requirement of the energy storage system in response to the largest load amplitude, wherein the energy requirement is an energy accumulation device drain amount that is based on the amount of time, wherein adjusting operations includes adjusting operations of at least one of the motive power sources in response to comparing a usable energy value of the energy storage system to the energy requirement.