Optimization of the source firing pattern for X-ray scanning systems

• US 9,046,465 B2
• Filed: 02/24/2012
• Issued: 06/02/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 02/24/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Rapiscan Systems Incorporated (OSI Systems Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Rapiscan Systems Incorporated (OSI Systems Incorporated)
• Inventors: Thompson, William, Lionheart, William Robert Breckon, Morton, Edward James
• Primary Examiner(s): Makiya, David J
• Assistant Examiner(s): CORBETT, JOHN M
• Application Number:
  US13/405,117
• Publication Number:
  US 20120219116A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,194 Days
• Field of Search: 378/9, 378/62
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4007 characterised by using a plurality of source units
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4028 resulting in acquisition of views from substantially different positions, e.g. EBCT
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4085 Cone-beams
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4275 using a detector unit almost surrounding the patient, e.g. more than 180°
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/54 Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/04 and forming images of the material
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/046 using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: H05G 1/52 Target size or shape; Direction of electron beam, e.g. in tubes with one anode and more than one cathode

Abstract

The present application discloses a computed tomography system having non-rotating X-ray sources that are programmed to optimize the source firing pattern. In one embodiment, the CT system is a fast cone-beam CT scanner which uses a fixed ring of multiple sources and fixed rings of detectors in an offset geometry. It should be appreciated that the source firing pattern is effectuated by a controller, which implements methods to determine a source firing pattern that are adapted to geometries where the X-ray sources and detector geometry are offset.

Claims

1. An X-ray imaging apparatus for obtaining a radiation image of an object having a length, comprising:

a plurality of X-ray tubes arranged in a first ring around the object, each X-ray tube comprising a predefined number of X-ray sources, each X-ray source being equally spaced from an adjacent source, each X-ray source emitting X-rays during a predefined emission period; and

a controller configured to cause each of said X-ray sources to emit X-rays in accordance with a firing pattern, wherein said firing pattern causes a substantially even distribution of X-rays from the X-ray sources over a surface of a virtual cylinder, having a length, wherein the virtual cylinder is positioned around the object and the length of the virtual cylinder is equal to or greater than the length of the object.

2. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the length of the virtual cylinder is equal to the length of the object plus a distance, wherein said distance is within a range of 0 mm to 100 mm.

3. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the X-ray sources are stationary.

4. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the firing pattern causes the X-ray sources to emit X-rays in a non-sequential order.

5. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the firing pattern causes the X-ray sources to emit X-rays in a non-helical pattern.

6. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the firing pattern is rotationally invariant.

7. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the X-ray imaging apparatus defines a reconstruction volume comprising a plurality of voxels, wherein X-rays intersect each voxel of the reconstruction volume at a plurality of angles and wherein said plurality of angles are substantially evenly distributed over a range of 0 degrees to 360 degrees.

8. An X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of sensors arranged in a second ring around the object for detecting X-rays emitted from the plurality of X-ray sources after passing through the object, wherein the sensors are offset from the X-ray sources along a predefined axis.

9. An X-ray imaging apparatus for obtaining a radiation image of an object having a length, comprising:

a plurality of X-ray tubes, each X-ray tube comprising a predefined number of X-ray sources and each X-ray source emitting X-rays during a predefined emission period, wherein the X-ray sources are arranged in a circular pattern on a plane that is normal to a direction of travel of the object; and

a controller configured to cause each of said X-ray sources to emit X-rays in accordance with a firing pattern, wherein said firing pattern causes said sources to fire in a sequence that is rotationally invariant.

10. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 9 wherein, during operation, the X-ray tubes are stationary.

11. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 10 wherein the object travels on a conveyor belt having a speed in a range of 250 mm/s to 500 mm/s.

12. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 9 wherein the firing pattern causes an even distribution of X-rays from the X-ray sources over a surface of a virtual cylinder, having a length, wherein the virtual cylinder is positioned around the object and the length of the virtual cylinder is equal to or greater than the length of the object.

13. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 12 wherein the length of the virtual cylinder is equal to the length of the object plus a distance, wherein said distance is within a range of 0 mm to 100 mm.

14. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a plurality of detectors for generating projection data, wherein the controller modifies the firing pattern based upon said projection data.

15. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a plurality of detectors for generating projection data, wherein the sources and detectors, taken in combination, exhibit multi-fold symmetry.

16. An X-ray imaging apparatus defining a reconstruction volume, comprising a plurality of voxels, for scanning an object, comprising:

a plurality of X-ray tubes, each X-ray tube comprising a predefined number of X-ray sources and each X-ray source emitting X-rays during a predefined emission period, wherein, during operation, the X-ray sources are stationary and wherein the X-ray sources are positioned in a plane;

a plurality of detectors, wherein the detectors are on at least one plane that is parallel to the plane of the sources and for which the detectors and the sources are not co-planar and wherein the detectors generate projection data; and

a controller configured to cause each of said X-ray sources to emit X-rays in accordance with a firing pattern, wherein said firing pattern causes the X-ray sources to emit X-rays that intersect each voxel of the reconstruction volume at a plurality of angles and wherein said plurality of angles are substantially evenly distributed over a range of 0 degrees to 360 degrees and wherein the firing pattern causes a substantially even distribution of X-rays from the X-ray sources over a surface of a virtual cylinder, having a length, wherein the virtual cylinder is positioned around the object and the length of the virtual cylinder is equal to or greater than the length of the object.

17. The X-ray imaging apparatus of claim 16 wherein the length of the virtual cylinder is equal to the length of the object plus a distance, wherein said distance is within a range of 0 mm to 100 mm.