Spread-spectrum apparatus for voltage regulator

• US 9,048,851 B2
• Filed: 05/31/2013
• Issued: 06/02/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Schrom, Gerhard, Lyakhov, Alexander, Kesling, Dawson W., Douglas, Jonathan P., Hodgson, J. Keith, Rogers, Michael W.
• Primary Examiner(s): PANWALKAR, VINEETA S
• Application Number:
  US13/907,770
• Publication Number:
  US 20140269848A1
• Time in Patent Office: 732 Days
• Field of Search: 375/354, 375/130, 375/371, 375/373
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/083 the reference signal being additionally directly applied to the generator
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/093 using special filtering or amplification characteristics in the loop H03L7/087 - H03L7/091 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/18 using a frequency divider or counter in the loop H03L7/20, H03L7/22 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/189 comprising a D/A converter for generating a coarse tuning voltage

Abstract

Described is an apparatus for providing spread-spectrum to a clock signal. The apparatus comprises: an oscillator to generate an output clock signal, the oscillator to receive an adjustable reference signal to adjust frequency of the output clock signal; a first circuit to provide a first signal indicative of a center frequency of the output clock signal; a second circuit to generate a switching waveform to provide spread-spectrum for the output clock signal; and a third circuit, coupled to the first and second circuits, to provide the adjustable reference signal according to the first signal and the switching waveform.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

an oscillator to generate an output clock signal, the oscillator to receive an adjustable reference signal to adjust frequency of the output clock signal;

a first circuit to provide a first signal indicative of a center frequency of the output clock signal;

a second circuit to generate a switching waveform to provide spread-spectrum for the output clock signal; and

a third circuit, coupled to the first and second circuits, to provide the adjustable reference signal according to the first signal and the switching waveform, wherein the second circuit comprises;

an up-down counter operating at a reference clock frequency; and

a first digital to analog converter (DAC) coupled to the up-down counter, the first DAC to generate the switching waveform.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the oscillator is one of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) or a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO).

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first circuit comprises a second digital to analog converter (DAC) to convert a digital representation of the center frequency to an analog representation as the first signal.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprises a pseudo-random generator coupled to the up-down counter, the pseudo-random generator to provide up or down signals to the up-down counter.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the up-down counter to generate a triangular waveform for the first DAC.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the up-down counter to generate a random walk signal for the first DAC.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprises a fourth circuit coupled to the second circuit and the third circuit, the fourth circuit including:

a resistor divider; and

a multiplexer to selectively couple an output of the resistor divider to provide the switching waveform.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprises a pulse width modulator (PWM) to receive the output clock signal.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the oscillator is a replica oscillator of a pulse width modulator (PWM) oscillator.

10. An apparatus comprising:

an oscillator to generate an output clock signal, the oscillator to receive an adjustable reference signal to adjust frequency of the output clock signal;

a first circuit to provide a first signal indicative of a center frequency of the output clock signal;

a second circuit to generate a switching waveform to provide spread-spectrum for the output clock signal; and

a third circuit, coupled to the first and second circuits, to provide the adjustable reference signal according to the first signal and the switching waveform, wherein the third circuit comprises;

a resistor divider; and

a multiplexer to selectively couple an output of the resistor divider to provide the adjustable reference signal.

11. An apparatus comprising:

an oscillator to generate an output clock signal, the oscillator to receive an adjustable reference signal to adjust frequency of the output clock signal;

a first circuit to provide a first signal indicative of a center frequency of the output clock signal;

a second circuit to generate a switching waveform, the second circuit operable to cause a notch in a spectrum of the output clock signal; and

a third circuit, coupled to the first and second circuits, to provide the adjustable reference signal according to the center frequency of the output clock signal and the switching waveform.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first circuit comprises:

a frequency counter to count frequency of output clock signal relative to a reference clock signal, the frequency count stored as a frequency code; and

a logic unit to subtract the frequency code from a reference frequency code to generate a frequency error code.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first circuit further comprises a clock multiplier which is operable to multiply frequency of the output clock signal, the clock multiplier coupled to the frequency counter.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the clock multiplier is operable to multiply frequency of the output clock signal by a factor greater than one when the first circuit is operable to operate in a fast track mode, and to cause the output clock signal frequency to remain unchanged when the first circuit is operable to operate in a slow track mode different from the fast track mode.

15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first circuit further comprises a frequency scalar to scale the frequency count by a factor greater than one when the first circuit is operable to operate in a fast track mode.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the scalar to scale the frequency count by a factor equal to one when the first circuit is operable to operate in a slow track mode different from the fast track mode.

17. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprises:

a first digital to analog converter (DAC) to convert a digital representation of the center frequency to an analog representation as the first signal;

a proportional integration (PI) controller coupled to the logic unit and the first DAC, the PI controller to adjust the digital representation of the center frequency according to the frequency error code.

18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the second circuit comprises:

an up-down counter operating at a reference clock frequency;

a notch logic to cause a notch in an output of the up-down counter;

a second digital to analog converter (DAC) coupled to the up-down counter, the second DAC to generate the switching waveform according to the output of the up-down counter.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 further comprises a pseudo-random generator coupled to the up-down counter, the pseudo-random generator to provide up or down signals to the up-down counter.

20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the third circuit comprises:

a resistor divider; and

a multiplexer to selectively couple an output of the resistor divider to provide the adjustable reference signal.

21. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprises a fourth circuit coupled to the second circuit and the third circuit, the fourth circuit including:

a resistor divider; and

a multiplexer to selectively couple an output of the resistor divider to provide the switching waveform.

22. A system comprising:

a memory unit; and

a processor, coupled to the memory unit, having a plurality of integrated voltage regulators (IVR) and a spread-spectrum controller, the spread-spectrum controller including;

an oscillator to generate an output clock signal, the oscillator to receive an adjustable reference signal to adjust frequency of the output clock signal;

a first circuit to provide a first signal indicative of a center frequency of the output clock signal;

a second circuit to generate a switching waveform to provide spread-spectrum for the output clock signal; and

a third circuit, coupled to the first and second circuits, to provide the adjustable reference signal according to first signal and the switching waveform.

23. The system of claim 22 further comprises:

a wireless interface for allowing the processor to communicate with another device; and

a display unit.

24. The system of claim 22, wherein the second circuit is operable to cause a notch in a spectrum of the output clock signal.