Multilevel antennae

• US 9,054,421 B2
• Filed: 01/02/2013
• Issued: 06/09/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 09/20/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fractus SA
• Original Assignee: Fractus SA
• Inventors: Puente Baliarda, Carles, Borja Borau, Carmen, Anguera Pros, Jaume, Soler Castany, Jordi
• Primary Examiner(s): PHAN, THO GIA
• Application Number:
  US13/732,761
• Publication Number:
  US 20130194154A1
• Time in Patent Office: 888 Days
• Field of Search: 343/700.MS, 343/702, 343/829, 343/846
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/241 used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM H01Q1/247, H01Q1/248 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/36 Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewithH01Q1/08, H01Q1/14 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/38 formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/142
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/50 Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/10 Resonant antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/20 characterised by the operating wavebands
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/307 Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/357 using a single feed point
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/40 Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/50 Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/04 Resonant antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/0407 Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna dipole H01Q9/285; monopole H01Q9/40
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/065 Microstrip dipole antennas patch antenna H01Q9/0407
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/28 Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines waveguide horns or mouths H01Q13/00; slot antennas H01Q13/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/40 Element having extended radiating surface

Abstract

An apparatus includes an antenna element that operates in at least first and second non-overlapping frequency bands and has geometric elements arranged to define empty spaces in the antenna element to provide first and second winding current paths through the antenna element, the first and second winding current paths circumventing the empty spaces and respectively corresponding to the first and second frequency bands to provide the antenna element with multi-band behavior. The apparatus further includes a ground plane, with the antenna element being electrically coupled to the ground plane. The antenna element provides a substantially similar impedance level and radiation pattern in the first and second frequency bands. The geometric elements are arranged such that the antenna element does not comprise a group of single band antennas that respectively operate in the first and second frequency bands, and the antenna element is not a fractal type antenna element.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

an antenna element having a multi-band behavior and configured to operate in at least first and second non-overlapping frequency bands and comprising a plurality of geometric elements arranged to define empty spaces in the antenna element to provide at least first and second winding current paths through the antenna element, the at least first and second winding current paths circumventing the empty spaces and respectively corresponding to the at least first and second non-overlapping frequency bands to provide the antenna element with the multi-band behavior; and

a ground plane, the antenna element being electrically coupled to the ground plane;

wherein the antenna element provides a substantially similar impedance level and radiation pattern in the at least first and second non-overlapping frequency bands;

wherein the geometric elements are arranged such that the antenna element does not comprise a group of single band antennas that respectively operate in the at least first and second non-overlapping frequency bands; and

wherein the antenna element is not a fractal type antenna element.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the antenna element does not incorporate a reactive element to achieve a multi-band behavior.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a matching network coupled to the antenna element.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

each of the geometric element has the same number of sides;

each of the geometric elements is electromagnetically coupled to at least one other of the geometric elements either directly through at least one point of contact or through a small separation providing coupling;

for at least 75% of the geometric elements, the region or area of contact between the geometric elements is less than 50% of the perimeter or area of the geometric elements;

not all geometric elements have the same size; and

the perimeter of the antenna element has a different number of sides than the geometric elements that compose the antenna element.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the geometric elements are electromagnetically coupled;

each of the geometric elements has the same number of sides, the antenna element having a different number of sides than each of the geometric elements;

at least one of either a perimeter of contact or an area of overlap between the geometric elements is only a fraction of a total perimeter or a total area of the geometric elements, respectively, for a majority of the geometric elements; and

the perimeter of contact or the area of overlap between the geometric elements is different among at least some of the geometric elements.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein two or more of the geometric elements are traversed by the first and second winding current paths.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the antenna element comprises at least four geometric elements, and wherein each of the geometric elements has four sides.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein at least one of the four sides of at least one of the geometric elements is curved.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the antenna element is concealed within the apparatus.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the antenna element comprises twelve or more geometric elements.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the antenna element is configured to operate in at least three frequency bands.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the antenna element is configured to operate in at least four frequency bands.

13. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the antenna element further comprises:

a feeding point, wherein the feeding point and a point on the ground plane define an input/output port for the antenna element, the apparatus further comprising;

an input/output connector, the input/output port being coupled to the input/output connector; and

a matching network coupled to the input/output connector.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein all of the geometric elements are four-sided surface elements and not wire-like or belt-like conductors.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the antenna element is mounted substantially parallel to a ground plane, and a substantial portion of an orthogonal projection of the antenna element intersects the ground plane.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein a substantial portion of an orthogonal projection of the antenna element does not intersect the ground plane.

17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the antenna element extends beyond a single plane.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the antenna element further comprises a ground connection connecting the antenna element to the ground plane.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a dielectric spacer, wherein the antenna element is separated from the ground plane by the dielectric spacer.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a dielectric substrate layer overlying the ground plane, wherein at least a portion of the dielectric spacer overlaps the dielectric substrate layer.

21. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the antenna element is configured to:

simultaneously receive electromagnetic signals corresponding to the first and second non-overlapping frequency bands; and

simultaneously transmit electromagnetic signals corresponding to the first and second non-overlapping frequency bands.

22. An apparatus comprising:

an antenna having a multi-band behavior and configured to operate in at least first and second non-overlapping frequency bands, the antenna comprising;

an antenna element including a multilevel structure, the multilevel structure comprising a plurality of geometric elements arranged to provide at least first and second winding current paths that circumvent empty spaces in the antenna element, the at least first and second winding current paths respectively corresponding to the at least first and second non-overlapping frequency bands to provide the antenna element with the multi-band behavior; and

a ground plane, the antenna element being electrically coupled to the ground plane;

wherein the antenna element provides a substantially similar impedance level and radiation pattern in the at least first and second non-overlapping frequency bands;

wherein the geometric elements are arranged such that the antenna element does not comprise substantially non-overlapping portions that serve as respective single band antennas;

wherein the antenna element does not incorporate a reactive element to achieve the multi-band behavior provided by the multilevel structure; and

wherein a geometry of the antenna element is not substantially self-repeating.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the antenna further comprises a matching network coupled to the antenna element.