Device and implantation system for electrical stimulation of biological systems
First Claim
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1. A system for increasing pressure of a patient'"'"'s lower esophageal sphincter (LES), comprising:
- at least one electrode configured to contact a region comprising the LES, wherein the region consists of tissue within a distance of 3 cm from the LES;
a waveform generator coupled to the electrodes; and
a controller configured to electrically stimulate the LES to increase an average pressure of the LES above a baseline such that at least one of a frequency of occurrence or an intensity of acid reflux symptoms in the patient is reduced during and/or after stimulation by controlling the waveform generator to repeatedly;
a) generate and apply an electrical pulse train to the LES through the electrodes for a stimulation period, and b) terminate the electrical pulse train for a rest period,wherein said electrical pulse train comprises a pulse width having a range of 30 μ
sec to 5 msec, a pulse amplitude of 2 to 15 mAmp, an on period ranging from 1 second to 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds, an off period ranging from 1 second to 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds, a duty cycle ranging from 1 to 100% and a pulse frequency defined such that pressure of the LES normalizes after at least five minutes from when stimulation is initiated.
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Abstract
The present specification discloses devices and methodologies for the treatment of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (tLESRs). Individuals with tLESRs may be treated by implanting a stimulation device within the patient'"'"'s lower esophageal sphincter and applying electrical stimulation to the patient'"'"'s lower esophageal sphincter, in accordance with certain predefined protocols. The presently disclosed devices have a simplified design because they do not require sensing systems capable of sensing when a person is engaged in a wet swallow and have improved energy storage requirements.
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Citations
20 Claims
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1. A system for increasing pressure of a patient'"'"'s lower esophageal sphincter (LES), comprising:
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at least one electrode configured to contact a region comprising the LES, wherein the region consists of tissue within a distance of 3 cm from the LES; a waveform generator coupled to the electrodes; and a controller configured to electrically stimulate the LES to increase an average pressure of the LES above a baseline such that at least one of a frequency of occurrence or an intensity of acid reflux symptoms in the patient is reduced during and/or after stimulation by controlling the waveform generator to repeatedly;
a) generate and apply an electrical pulse train to the LES through the electrodes for a stimulation period, and b) terminate the electrical pulse train for a rest period,wherein said electrical pulse train comprises a pulse width having a range of 30 μ
sec to 5 msec, a pulse amplitude of 2 to 15 mAmp, an on period ranging from 1 second to 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds, an off period ranging from 1 second to 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds, a duty cycle ranging from 1 to 100% and a pulse frequency defined such that pressure of the LES normalizes after at least five minutes from when stimulation is initiated. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5)
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6. A system for normalizing functionality of a patient'"'"'s lower esophageal sphincter (LES), comprising:
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at least one electrode configured to contact a region comprising the LES, wherein the region consists of tissue within a distance of 3 cm from the LES; a waveform generator coupled to the electrodes; and a controller configured to control the waveform generator to generate and apply an electrical pulse train to the LES through the electrodes during a stimulation period to produce said normalization of function in the LES during and/or after the stimulation period, wherein said electrical pulse train comprises a pulse width having a range of 30 μ
sec to 5 msec, a pulse amplitude of 2 to 15 mAmp, an on period ranging from 1 second to 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds, an off period ranging from 1 second to 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds, a duty cycle ranging from 1 to 100% and a pulse frequency defined such that swallowing of the patient is not hindered by said stimulation. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A system for normalizing a function of a patient'"'"'s lower esophageal sphincter (LES), comprising:
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at least one electrode configured to contact a region comprising the LES, wherein the region consists of tissue within a distance of 3 cm from the LES; a waveform generator coupled to the electrodes; and a controller configured to control the waveform generator to generate and apply an electrical pulse train to the LES through the electrodes to normalize the function of the LES, which reduces at least one of a frequency of occurrence or an intensity of acid reflux symptoms in the patient, wherein said electrical pulse train comprises a pulse width having a range of 30 μ
sec to 5 msec;
a pulse amplitude of 2 to 15 mAmp;
a pulse frequency of 2 to 80 Hz;
an on period ranging from 1 second to 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds;
an off period ranging from 1 second to 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds; and
a duty cycle ranging from 1 to 100% and a pulse frequency defined such that said function of the LES normalizes after at least five minutes from when stimulation is initiated and such that swallowing of the patient is not hindered by said stimulation. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. A system for increasing pressure of a patient'"'"'s lower esophageal sphincter (LES), comprising:
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at least one electrode configured to contact a region comprising the LES, wherein the region consists of tissue within a distance of 3 cm from the LES; a waveform generator coupled to the electrodes; a battery powering the waveform generator; and a controller configured to control the waveform generator to generate and apply an electrical pulse train to the LES through the electrodes to increase an average pressure of the LES, the electrical pulse train being controlled by the controller so that an amount of electrical energy consumed from the battery when stimulating the LES is an energy amount that increases said average pressure of the LES above a baseline such that at least one of a frequency of occurrence or an intensity of acid reflux symptoms in the patient is reduced while maintaining at least a minimum charge on the battery to electrically power the waveform generator for a predetermined time period, wherein said electrical pulse train comprises a pulse width having a range of 30 μ
sec to 5 msec;
a pulse amplitude of 2 to 15 mAmp;
a pulse frequency of 2 to 80 Hz;
an on period ranging from 1 second to 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds;
an off period ranging from 1 second to 23 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds; and
a duty cycle ranging from 1 to 100% and a pulse frequency defined such that the increased pressure level of the LES is below a pressure level that prevents the patient from swallowing a bolus. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20)
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Specification