Microfluidic device facilitating gas exchange, and methods of use and manufacture thereof

• US 9,067,179 B2
• Filed: 12/30/2010
• Issued: 06/30/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Incorporated
• Inventors: Charest, Joseph L., Borenstein, Jeffrey T., Bauer, Joseph M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wiest, Philip R
• Assistant Examiner(s): KLEIN, BENJAMIN JACOB
• Application Number:
  US12/981,903
• Publication Number:
  US 20110158847A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,643 Days
• Field of Search: 422 44- 46, 117/68, 210/321.71
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/14 Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators semi-permeable membranes characterised by the material, manufacturing processes therefor B01D71/00 ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/16 with membranes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1698 Blood oxygenators with or without heat-exchangers intracorporal A61M1/1678; manufacturing of membranes therefor B01D67/00; semi-permeable membranes for separation processes characterised by their properties B01D69/00; semi-permeable membranes characterised by their material B01D71/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/0244 Micromachined materials, e.g. made from silicon wafers, microelectromechanical systems [MEMS] or comprising nanotechnology
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2206/11 Laminar flow
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2325/04 Characteristic thickness
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 63/081 Manufacturing thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 63/082 comprising a stack of flat membranes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 63/085 specially adapted for two fluids in mass exchange flow
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 63/088 Microfluidic devices comprising semi-permeable flat membranes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 67/0009 by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/02 characterised by their properties
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/06 Flat membranes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49826 Assembling or joining

Abstract

The invention provides systems and methods for exchanging gas in a microfluidic device, and methods for preparing such microfluidic devices. The systems and methods can be used to transfer oxygen to blood to assist lung function in a patient.

Claims

1. A microfluidic device, comprising:

a first layer of a single type of gas permeable material that defines therein at least two chambers configured for gas flow and at least two chambers configured for liquid flow, wherein the at least two chambers configured for liquid flow are configured differently than the at least two chambers configured for gas flow and the thickness of the gas permeable material separating a chamber configured for gas flow from an adjacent chamber configured for liquid flow is about 1 μ

m to about 100 μ

m; and

a second layer of the gas permeable material, stacked upon the first layer, defining therein at least two chambers for gas flow and at least two chambers for liquid flow, wherein at least one chamber configured for liquid flow in the first layer is (i) adjacent to and in-plane with at least one chamber configured for gas flow in the first layer and (ii) aligned, in a plane perpendicular to the first layer, with a chamber configured for gas flow in the second layer.

2. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the first layer defines therein a plurality of chambers for gas flow and a plurality of chambers for liquid flow.

3. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein any chamber for gas flow and at least one chamber for liquid flow are arranged such that flow directions for the gas and the liquid are parallel or antiparallel to one another.

4. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein at least one chamber configured for gas flow is arranged such that the flow direction of gas is transverse to the direction of liquid flow in the chamber configured for liquid flow.

5. The microfluidic device of claim 1, further comprising a third layer of a single type of gas permeable material stacked upon the second layer, where the third layer defines therein at least one chamber configured for gas flow and at least one chamber configured for liquid flow.

6. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the gas permeable material separating a chamber configured for gas flow in the second layer from a chamber configured for liquid flow in the second layer is about 1 μ

m to about 100 μ

m.

7. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of gas permeable material separating at least one chamber configured for gas flow in the microfluidic device from a chamber configured for liquid flow in the microfluidic device is about 10 μ

m to about 100 μ

m.

8. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of gas permeable material separating at least one chamber configured for gas flow in a layer from a chamber configured for liquid flow in the same layer is about 50 μ

m to about 100 μ

m.

9. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of gas permeable material separating at least one chamber configured for gas flow in the microfluidic device from a chamber configured for liquid flow in the microfluidic device is about 10 μ

m to about 25 μ

m.

10. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein at least one liquid chamber has a height less than 25 μ

m.

11. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein at least one liquid chamber has a height of about 10 μ

m to about 15 μ

m.

12. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein at least one liquid chamber has a width of less than 200 μ

m.

13. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the liquid chamber has a width to height ratio of at least 2 to 1.

14. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the gas permeable material is an organosilicone polymer, polyethylene, or polyurethane.

15. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the gas permeable material is polydimethylsiloxane.

16. The microfluidic device of claim 1, wherein the chamber configured for liquid flow comprises blood, and the chamber configured for gas flow comprises oxygen.

17. A microfluidic device, comprising:

a first layer of a single type of gas permeable material that defines therein at least two chambers configured for gas flow and at least two chambers configured for liquid flow, wherein the at least two chambers configured for liquid flow are configured differently than the at the at least two chambers configured for gas and the thickness of the gas permeable material separating a chamber configured for gas flow from an adjacent chamber configured for liquid flow is no greater than that which has an oxygen gas permeance of at least 1×

10<sup>−

6</sup> mL/s/cm²/cm Hg; and

a second layer of the gas permeable material, stacked upon the first layer, defining therein at least two chambers for gas flow and at least two chambers for liquid flow, wherein at least one chamber configured for liquid flow in the first layer is (i) adjacent to and in-plane with at least one chamber configured for gas flow in the first layer and (ii) aligned, in a plane perpendicular to the first layer, with a chamber configured for gas flow in the second layer.

18. A method for transferring a gas to a liquid, comprising:

passing a liquid through at least two chambers configured for liquid flow located in a microfluidic device; and

flowing a gas through at least two chambers configured for gas flow located in the microfluidic device, wherein the microfluidic device comprises;

a first layer of a single type of gas permeable material that defines therein a plurality of chambers configured for gas flow and a plurality of chambers configured for liquid flow, wherein the plurality of chambers configured for liquid flow are configured differently than the plurality of chambers configured for gas flow, and the thickness of the gas permeable material separating a chamber configured for gas flow from an adjacent chamber configured for liquid flow is about 1 μ

m to about 100 μ

m; and

a second layer of the gas permeable material, stacked upon the first layer, defining therein a plurality of chambers for gas flow and a plurality of chambers for liquid flow, wherein at least one chamber configured for liquid flow in the first layer is (i) adjacent to and in-plane with at least one chamber configured for gas flow in the first layer and (ii) aligned, in a plane perpendicular to the first layer, with a chamber configured for gas flow in the second layer.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein said chamber configured for liquid is configured for carrying blood, and said gas comprises oxygen.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the microfluidic device is fluidly connected to the blood vasculature of a patient.

21. The method of claim 18, further comprising transferring a gas dissolved in said liquid to a chamber configured for gas flow in the microfluidic device.