Compositions and methods for modulating metabolic pathways
First Claim
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1. A composition comprising:
- (a) at least about 500 mg of leucine and/or at least about 200 mg of one or more metabolites thereof, wherein the one or more leucine metabolites are selected from the group consisting of keto-isocaproic acid (KIC), alpha-hydroxy-isocaproic acid, and HMB; and
(b) at least about 25 mg to less than about 2000 mg of metformin;
wherein the composition is substantially free of the individual amino acids alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, valine, and proline;
wherein, when (a) is leucine, the molar ratio of (a) to (b) is greater than 2; and
wherein the composition is formulated as a tablet, capsule, gel capsule, beverage, snack bar or a food composition.
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Abstract
Compositions and methods useful for inducing an increase in fatty acid oxidation or mitochondrial biogenesis, reducing weight gain, inducing weight loss, or increasing Sirt1, Sirt3, or AMPK activity are provided herein. Such compositions can contain synergizing amounts of a sirtuin-pathway activators, including but not limited to resveratrol, in combination with beta-hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB), keto isocaproic acid (KIC), leucine, or combinations of HMB, KIC and leucine.
90 Citations
27 Claims
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1. A composition comprising:
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(a) at least about 500 mg of leucine and/or at least about 200 mg of one or more metabolites thereof, wherein the one or more leucine metabolites are selected from the group consisting of keto-isocaproic acid (KIC), alpha-hydroxy-isocaproic acid, and HMB; and (b) at least about 25 mg to less than about 2000 mg of metformin; wherein the composition is substantially free of the individual amino acids alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, valine, and proline; wherein, when (a) is leucine, the molar ratio of (a) to (b) is greater than 2; and wherein the composition is formulated as a tablet, capsule, gel capsule, beverage, snack bar or a food composition. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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Specification