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Electrolytes including fluorinated solvents for use in electrochemical cells

  • US 9,077,046 B2
  • Filed: 06/03/2013
  • Issued: 07/07/2015
  • Est. Priority Date: 06/19/2012
  • Status: Expired due to Fees
First Claim
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1. An electrolyte for use in an electrochemical cell, the electrolyte comprising:

  • an electrolyte salt comprising at least one carbon atom and at least two fluoride atoms and is selected from the group consisting of;

    i) fluoroalkyl-substituted LiPF6 salts having a general structure LiPFxR1-x, wherein x is from 1 to 5 and wherein at least one R is a fluorinated alkyl having a chain length of from 1 to 8;

    ii) fluoroalkyl-substituted LiBF4 salts having a general structure LiBFxR1-x, wherein x is from 1 to 4 and wherein at least one R is a fluorinated alkyl having a chain length of from 1 to 8;

    iii) linear imide salts having a general structure LiN(—

    SO2

    R)2, wherein at least one R is a fluorinated alkyl having a chain length of from 1 to 8;

    iv) cyclic imide salts having a general structure LiN(—

    SO2

    R—

    ), wherein R is fluorinated alkyl having a chain length of from 1 to 8; and

    v) methide salts having a general structure LiC(—

    SO2

    R)3, wherein at least one R is fluorinated alkyl with a chain length of from 1 to 8;

    a fluorinated solvent being present at a concentration of between about 30% and 80% by weight excluding a weight of the electrolyte salt, wherein the fluorinated solvent has a general structure CxFyHzOi such that x is an integer ranging from 3 to 15, y is an integer ranging from 1 to 30, z is an integer ranging from 0 to 15, and i is an integer ranging from 1 to 5; and

    a non-fluorinated solvent selected from the group consisting of an ester, an ether, and a carbonate wherein a weight ratio of the non-fluorinated solvents to the fluorinated solvent is less than 0.9,wherein the electrolyte is a one-phase solution at a temperature ranging from about −

    30°

    C. to about 80°

    C.

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