Authenticating identification and security documents and other objects

• US 9,087,376 B2
• Filed: 06/05/2012
• Issued: 07/21/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 11/09/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Original Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Inventors: Rodriguez, Tony F., Sharma, Ravi K., Rhoads, Geoffrey B.
• Primary Examiner(s): ENTEZARI, MICHELLE M
• Application Number:
  US13/488,942
• Publication Number:
  US 20130172048A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,141 Days
• Field of Search: 382/100
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B41M 3/10 Watermarks
• CPC Class Codes: B42D 2033/20 Coloured material; Pigments or inks
• CPC Class Codes: B42D 2035/24 Colours
• CPC Class Codes: B42D 25/00 Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof printing processes to produce identification or security features B41M3/14
• CPC Class Codes: B42D 25/23 Identity cards
• CPC Class Codes: B42D 25/328 Diffraction gratings; Holograms
• CPC Class Codes: B42D 25/333 Watermarks
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0021 Image watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0051 Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/004 using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/0051 involving markings removed from an original pattern
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/0053 involving markings added to a pattern, e.g. interstitial points
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/0055 involving markings displaced slightly from original positions within a pattern
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/0057 involving markings which are altered in dimension, e.g. thickened lines
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/12 Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation

Abstract

The application discloses identification and security documents and methods and systems for authenticating such identification and security documents. In one implementation, a document includes a first surface; and a second surface. The first surface comprises a first set of print structures and a second set of print structures. The first set of print structures and the second set of print structures cooperate to obscure the location on the first surface of the second set of print structures. The second set of print structures is arranged on the first surface so as to provide a reflection pattern. In one example, the reflection pattern includes a diffraction grating. The second set of print structures is preferably provided on the first surface with metallic ink. Of course, other claims and combinations are provided too.

Claims

1. A method of digital watermarking a digital image to convey auxiliary data, in which the digital image includes a plurality of line elements, the method comprises:

determining a dominate angle associated with the line elements; and

in a digital space, and using an electronic processor, varying line angles of at least a set of the plurality of line elements relative to the dominate angle, in which the varying line angles conveys the auxiliary data including a plural-bit message.

4. The document of claim 1 in which the first set of print structures is provided on the first surface with a first ink and the second set of print structures is provided on the first surface with a second different ink.

6. The document of claim 4 in which the second ink comprises a metallic ink.

7. The document of claim 4 in which the first ink and the second ink comprise a visually similar color.

2. A document comprising:

a first surface; and

a second surface, in which

the first surface comprises a first set of print structures and a second set of print structures, and in which the first set of print structures and the second set of print structures cooperate to obscure a location on the first surface of the second set of print structures, and in which the second set of print structures are arranged on the first surface so as to provide a reflection pattern.

3. The document of claim 2 in which the reflection pattern comprises a diffraction grating.

5. The document of claim 3 in which the first ink and the second ink comprise a metameric pair.

8. The document of claim 2 in which the first set of print structures is provided on the first surface with a first ink and the second set of print structures is provided on the first surface with a second different ink, and in which the second different ink comprises a metallic ink.

9. The document of claim 8 in which the first ink and the second ink comprise a metameric pair.

10. The document of claim 8 in which the first ink and the second ink comprise a visually similar color.

11. The document of claim 8 in which the first set of print structures and the second set of print structures collective convey a steganographic signal discernable from optical scan data representing at least a first portion of the first surface.

12. The document of claim 8 in which the diffraction grating provides a predetermined reflection pattern that is at least document type specific.

13. The document of claim 2 comprising a security document or identification document.

16. The document of claim 2 in which first set of print structures comprises line segments and the second set of print structures comprise line segments.

17. A document according to claim 2, in which the document wherein the second surface includes artwork or a graphic.

18. The document of claim 17 in which the reflection pattern comprises a diffraction grating.

19. The document of claim 17 in which the reflection pattern is arranged in accordance with a pseudo-randomly generated pattern.

14. A method to authenticate a document comprising a first surface and a second surface, in which the first surface comprises a first set of print structures and a second set of print structures, and in which the first set of print structures and the second set of print structures cooperate to obscure a location on the first surface of the second set of print structures, and in which the second set of print structures are arranged on the first surface so as to provide a reflection pattern, said method comprising:

illuminating the document with energy having a frequency in the range of 50-80 GHz;

receiving a reflected pattern from the document;

comparing the reflected pattern or attributes of the reflected pattern to an expected pattern or expected attributes; and

based at least in part on the comparing, determining whether the document is authentic.

15. The method of claim 14, in which the range comprises 60-75 GHz.

20. An apparatus comprising:

an optical imager for capturing image or video data associated with a physical object, the physical object comprising a plurality of randomly or pseudo-randomly occurring features, the physical object further comprising indicia provided thereon, the indicia conveying expected characteristics of the features including expected spatial positioning information relative to the physical object;

a display;

an electronic processor programmed for;

analyzing image or video data captured by the optical imager to obtain actual characteristics of the features, the actual characteristics of the features comprising spatial positioning information for the features on the object;

analyzing the image or video data to obtain the expected characteristics of the features;

based at least on the expected characteristics and the actual characteristics of the features, providing user feedback via the display corresponding to an expected spatial positioning of the features relative to the object, the user feedback also corresponding to an actual spatial positioning of the features.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 in which the feedback comprises a graphical representation of the features relative to the object or a graphical representation of the relative spatial positioning of the features relative to the object.

22. The apparatus of claim 20 in which the apparatus is housed in a cell phone.

23. The apparatus of claim 20 in which the apparatus comprises a personal digital assistant or a portable music player.

24. The apparatus of claim 20 in which the indicia comprises digital watermarking.

25. The apparatus of claim 20 in which the features comprise fibers and the expected characteristics are encrypted.

26. The apparatus of claim 20 in which the optical imager comprises a cell phone camera.

27. A cell phone comprising:

a camera for capturing image or video data associated with a physical object, the physical object comprising a plurality of randomly or pseudo-randomly occurring features, the physical object further comprising indicia provided thereon, the indicia conveying expected characteristics of the features including expected spatial positioning information relative to the physical object;

a display;

an electronic processor programmed for;

analyzing image or video data captured by the camera to obtain actual characteristics of the features, the actual characteristics of the features comprising spatial positioning information for the features on the object;

analyzing the image or video data to obtain the expected characteristics of the features;

based at least on the expected characteristics and the actual characteristics of the features, providing user feedback via the display corresponding to an expected spatial positioning of the features relative to the object, the user feedback also corresponding to an actual spatial positioning of the features.

28. The cell phone of claim 27 in which the feedback comprises a graphical representation of the features relative to the object or a graphical representation of the relative spatial positioning of the features relative to the object.

29. The cell phone of claim 27 further comprising a portable music player.

30. The cell phone of claim 27 in which the indicia comprises digital watermarking.

31. The cell phone of claim 27 in which the features comprise fibers and the expected characteristics are encrypted.