Air change rate measurement and control

• US 9,091,454 B2
• Filed: 07/27/2012
• Issued: 07/28/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 07/29/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Carrier Corporation (Carrier Global Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Carrier Corporation (Carrier Global Corporation)
• Inventors: Dempsey, Daniel J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Fennema, Robert
• Assistant Examiner(s): Whittington, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US13/559,757
• Publication Number:
  US 20130030575A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,096 Days
• Field of Search: 700/276, 702/45, 165/200
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/30 for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/74 for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/00 Control inputs relating to air properties
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/10 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/12 of the outside air
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/20 Humidity
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/22 of the outside air

Abstract

A method for controlling a system includes receiving temperature and humidity measurements of supply air to a serviced space, return air from the serviced space, and outside air, wherein the outside air includes air outside the serviced space, calculating a volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system using the received temperature and humidity measurements of the supply air, the return air, and the outside air, calculating an air change per hour (ACH) rate in the serviced space using the calculated volumetric flow rate of the air outside the serviced space entering the system and the volume of the serviced space, and controlling the ACH rate in the serviced space.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a system, the method comprising:

receiving temperature and humidity measurements of supply air to a serviced space, return air from the serviced space, and outside air, wherein the outside air includes air outside the serviced space, and a flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating a volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system using the received temperature and humidity measurements of the supply air, the return air, the outside air, and the flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating an air change per hour (ACH) rate in the serviced space using the calculated volumetric flow rate of the air outside the serviced space entering the system and the volume of the serviced space; and

controlling the ACH rate in the serviced space.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the controlling the ACH rate in the serviced space comprises controlling the volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system is controlled by an adjustable damper.

20. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

mixing the outside air with the return air.

2. A method for controlling a system, the method comprising:

receiving temperature and humidity measurements of supply air to a serviced space, return air from the serviced space, and outside air, wherein the outside air includes air outside the serviced space, and a flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating a volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system using the received temperature and humidity measurements of the supply air, the return air, the outside air, and the flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating an air change per hour (ACH) rate in the serviced space using the calculated volumetric flow rate of the air outside the serviced space entering the system and the volume of the serviced space; and

controlling the ACH rate in the serviced space;

wherein the calculating the volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system (CFM_o) using the received temperature and humidity measurements of the supply air, the return air, the outside air, and the flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space comprises;

calculating a density of the supply air (d_s), a density of the return air (d_r), and a density of the outside air (d_o); and

calculating an absolute humidity of the supply air (W_s), absolute humidity of the return air (W_r), and absolute humidity of the outside air (W_o);

calculating a volumetric flow rate of the supply air (CFM_s); and

calculating the CFM_o, wherein CFM_o=CFM_s*(d_r*W_r−

d_s*W_s)/(d_o*W_o).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the CFM_s is approximately equal to a volumetric flow rate of the return air (CFM_r).

4. A method for controlling a system, the method comprising:

receiving temperature and humidity measurements of supply air to a serviced space, return air from the serviced space, and outside air, wherein the outside air includes air outside the serviced space, and a flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating a volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system using the received temperature and humidity measurements of the supply air, the return air, the outside air, and the flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating an air change per hour (ACH) rate in the serviced space using the calculated volumetric flow rate of the air outside the serviced space entering the system and the volume of the serviced space; and

controlling the ACH rate in the serviced space;

wherein the calculating the ACH rate in the serviced space comprises calculating a product of the CFM_o and 60 and dividing the product by a volume of the serviced space.

7. A system comprising:

a first sensor arrangement to measure a temperature and humidity of outside air, the outside air including air outside a serviced space;

a second sensor arrangement to measure a temperature and humidity of return air flowing from the serviced space;

a third sensor arrangement to measure a temperature and humidity of supply air flowing into the serviced space; and

a controller communicatively connected to the first sensor, the second sensor, and the third sensor, the controller to receive temperature and humidity measurements from the sensors, calculate a volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system using the received temperature and humidity measurements of the supply air, the return air, the outside air, and a flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space, calculate an air change per hour (ACH) rate in the serviced space using the calculated volumetric flow rate of the air outside the serviced space entering the system and the volume of the serviced space, control the ACH rate in the serviced space.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the system further comprises a heat exchanger portion to receive the return air, change the temperature of the return air and output the supply air.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein the system further comprises a heat exchanger portion to receive a portion of the outside air and the return air, heat the portion of the outside air and the return air and output the supply air.

10. The system of claim 7, wherein the system further comprises a damper to meter the volumetric flow rate of the air outside the serviced space entering the system.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the controller is communicatively connected to the damper and is to control a position of the damper.

12. The system of claim 7, wherein the calculating the volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system (CFM_o) using the received temperature and humidity measurements of the supply air, the return air, the outside air, and the flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space comprises:

calculating a density of the supply air (d_s), a density of the return air (d_r), and a density of the outside air (d_o); and

calculating an absolute humidity of the supply air (W_s), absolute humidity of the return air (W_r), and absolute humidity of the outside air (W_o);

calculating a volumetric flow rate of the supply air (CFM_s); and

calculating the CFM_o, wherein CFM_o=CFM_s*(d_r*W_r−

d_s*W_s)/(d_o*W_o).

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the CFM_s is approximately equal to a volumetric flow rate of the return air (CFM_r).

14. The system of claim 7, wherein the calculating the ACH rate in the serviced space comprises calculating a product of the CFM_o and 60 and dividing the product by a volume of the serviced space.

15. A method for calculating an air change per hour (ACH) rate in a system, the method comprising:

receiving temperature and humidity measurements of supply air to a serviced space, return air from the serviced space, outside air, wherein the outside air includes air outside the serviced space, and a flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating a volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system using the received temperature and humidity measurements of the supply air, the return air, the outside air, and the flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating an ACH rate in the serviced space using the calculated volumetric flow rate of the air outside the serviced space entering the system and the volume of the serviced space; and

outputting the calculated ACH rate.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein the outputting the calculated ACH rate includes outputting the ACH rate to a user on a display.

16. A method for calculating an air change per hour (ACH) rate in a system, the method comprising:

receiving temperature and humidity measurements of supply air to a serviced space, return air from the serviced space, outside air, wherein the outside air includes air outside the serviced space, and a flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating a volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system using the received temperature and humidity measurements of the supply air, the return air, the outside air, and the flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating an ACH rate in the serviced space using the calculated volumetric flow rate of the air outside the serviced space entering the system and the volume of the serviced space; and

outputting the calculated ACH rate;

wherein the calculating the volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system (CFM_o) using the received temperature and humidity measurements of the supply air, the return air, the outside air, and the flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space comprises;

calculating a density of the supply air (d_s), a density of the return air (d_r), and a density of the outside air (d_o); and

calculating an absolute humidity of the supply air (W_s), absolute humidity of the return air (W_r), and absolute humidity of the outside air (W_o);

calculating a volumetric flow rate of the supply air (CFM_s); and

calculating the CFM_o, wherein CFM_o=CFM_s*(d_r*W_r−

d_s*W_s)/(d_o*W_o).

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the CFM_s is approximately equal to a volumetric flow rate of the return air (CFM_r).

18. A method for calculating an air change per hour (ACH) rate in a system, the method comprising:

receiving temperature and humidity measurements of supply air to a serviced space, return air from the serviced space, outside air, wherein the outside air includes air outside the serviced space, and a flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating a volumetric flow rate of the outside air entering the system using the received temperature and humidity measurements of the supply air, the return air, the outside air, and the flow rate of the supply air to the serviced space;

calculating an ACH rate in the serviced space using the calculated volumetric flow rate of the air outside the serviced space entering the system and the volume of the serviced space; and

outputting the calculated ACH rate;

wherein the calculating the ACH rate in the serviced space comprises calculating a product of the CFM_o and 60 and dividing the product by a volume of the serviced space.