Clock synchronization for shared media playback

• US 9,094,564 B2
• Filed: 05/07/2010
• Issued: 07/28/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 05/07/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Inventors: Soldan, Eric
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Phuoc
• Assistant Examiner(s): Belani, Kishin G
• Application Number:
  US12/776,301
• Publication Number:
  US 20110276648A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,908 Days
• Field of Search: 709/208
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/12 Synchronisation of different clock signals provided by a plurality of clock generators
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0664 unidirectional timestamps
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4305 Synchronising client clock from received content stream, e.g. locking decoder clock with encoder clock, extraction of the PCR packets arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter by comparing receiver clock with transmitter clock H04L7/0012; arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter wherein the receiver takes measures against momentary loss of synchronisation H04L7/0083
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/04 Synchronising for television systems using pulse code modulation H04N7/56

Abstract

Various embodiments are provided that relate to clock synchronization. In one embodiment, a method for synchronizing a relative clock to a global clock comprises receiving a network packet from a master computing device, the network packet including a network packet time stamp indicating a system time of the global clock when the network packet was transmitted; determining a receipt time offset between a receipt time of the network packet and the network packet time stamp, the receipt time indicating a time at which the network packet is received as measured by the relative clock; and adjusting a system time of the relative clock toward the system time of the global clock by updating a system time offset to the receipt time offset if the receipt time offset is smaller than the system time offset.

Claims

1. A method for synchronizing a relative clock of a slave computing device to a global clock of a master computing device, the method comprising:

receiving a network packet from the master computing device, the network packet being received after one or more other network packets, and the network packet including a network packet time stamp value indicating a system time of the global clock when the network packet was transmitted;

determining a receipt time offset that is a difference between a receipt time of the network packet and the network packet time stamp value, the receipt time indicating a time at which the network packet is received at the slave computing device as measured by the relative clock;

determining a prior receipt time offset that is a difference between a receipt time of a previously received network packet and a network packet timestamp value included in that previously received network packet;

comparing the receipt time offset to the prior determined receipt time offset; and

adjusting the system time of the relative clock toward the system time of the global clock by a relative clock correction target that is updated to match a negative value of the receipt time offset only if an absolute value of the receipt time offset is smaller than an absolute value of the prior determined receipt time offset.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

establishing a sequential offset comparison set, the sequential offset comparison set having a set membership comprising a plurality of sequentially-received previously determined receipt time offsets;

updating the relative clock correction target to the negative value of the receipt time offset if the absolute value of the receipt time offset is smaller than the absolute value of each member of the sequential offset comparison set; and

updating the set membership of the sequential offset comparison set on a first-in, first-out basis by removing an earlier-determined set member when addition of a later-determined set member causes a set membership number to exceed a configurable set membership size.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein updating the relative clock correction target further comprises only updating the relative clock correction target if the set membership number exceeds an initial sample set size.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the network packet includes:

a portion of a media asset for presentation at the slave computing device in synchronization with presentation at the master computing device, and

a presentation time stamp indicating when the portion of the media asset should be presented.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising presenting the portion of the media asset included the network packet when the system time of the relative clock reaches a start time indicated by the presentation time stamp so that presentation of the media asset at the slave computing device occurs in synchronization with presentation of the media asset at the master computing device.

6. The method of claim 5, further wherein one or both of the presentation time stamp and the network packet time stamp value are included in metadata of the media asset.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein one or both of the presentation time stamp and the network packet time stamp value are included in a file header added to the media asset by the master computing device.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting the relative clock toward the system time of the global clock in proportion to the relative clock correction target.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the slave computing device relies only on network packet time stamp values sent from the master computing device to synchronize the relative clock to the global clock.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the system time of the relative clock further comprises gradually adjusting the system time of the relative clock in the direction of the relative clock correction target over time by adjusting the relative clock by a portion of the relative clock correction target at regular intervals in two or more temporally-separated steps.

11. A slave computing device configured to present a media asset in synchronization with a presentation of the media asset at a master computing device, the slave computing device comprising:

a relative clock;

a logic subsystem; and

a data-holding subsystem holding instructions executable by the logic subsystem to;

receive a network packet from the master computing device, the network packet being received after one or more other network packets, and the network packet including;

a network packet time stamp value indicating a system time of a global clock of the master computing device when the network packet was transmitted by the master computing device,

a portion of the media asset to be presented at the slave computing device in synchronization with presentation at the master computing device, and

a presentation time stamp indicating when the portion of the media asset should be presented,

determine a receipt time offset that is a difference between a receipt time of the network packet and the network packet time stamp value, the receipt time indicating a time at which the network packet is received at the slave computing device as measured by the relative clock,

determine a prior receipt time offset that is a difference between a receipt time of a previously received network packet and a network packet timestamp value included in that previously received network packet;

compare the receipt time offset to the prior determined receipt time offset,

update the system time of the relative clock toward the system time of the global clock by a relative clock correction target that is updated to match a negative value of the receipt time offset if an absolute value of the receipt time offset is smaller than an absolute value of the prior determined receipt time offset,

present the portion of the media asset included in the network packet when the system time of the relative clock reaches a start time indicated by the presentation time stamp so that presentation of the media asset at the slave computing device occurs in synchronization with presentation of the media asset at the master computing device.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable to:

establish a sequential offset comparison set, the sequential offset comparison set having a set membership comprising a plurality of sequentially-received previously determined receipt time offsets;

update the relative clock correction target to the negative value of the receipt time offset if the absolute value of the receipt time offset is smaller than an absolute value of each member of the sequential offset comparison set; and

update the set membership of the sequential offset comparison set on a first-in, first-out basis by removing an earlier-determined set member when addition of a later-determined set member causes a set membership number to exceed a configurable set membership size.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein the instructions are further executable only to update the system time offset if the set membership number exceeds an initial sample set size.

14. The device of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable to adjust the relative clock toward the system time of the global clock in proportion to the relative clock correction target.

15. The device of claim 11, wherein one or both of the presentation time stamp and the network packet time stamp value are included in metadata of the media asset.

16. The device of claim 11, wherein one or both of the presentation time stamp and the network packet time stamp value are included in a file header added to the media asset by the master computing device.

17. The device of claim 11, wherein the slave computing device does not send a reply time stamp to the master computing device.

18. The device of claim 11, wherein adjusting the system time of the relative clock further comprises gradually adjusting the system time of the relative clock in the direction of the relative clock correction target over time by adjusting the relative clock by a portion of the relative clock correction target at regular intervals in two or more temporally-separated steps.

19. A method for presenting a media asset at a slave computing device in synchronization with a presentation of the media asset at a master computing device, the slave computing device comprising:

receiving a network packet from the master computing device, the network packet being received after one or more other network packets, and the network packet including;

a portion of the media asset to be presented at the slave computing device in synchronization with presentation at the master computing device,

a presentation time stamp indicating when the portion of the media asset should be presented, and

a network packet time stamp value indicating a system time of a global clock of the master computing device when the network packet was transmitted;

determining a receipt time offset that is a difference between a receipt time of the network packet and the network packet time stamp value, the receipt time indicating a time at which the network packet is received at the slave computing device as measured by the relative clock;

determining a prior receipt time offset that is a difference between a receipt time of a previously received network packet and a network packet timestamp value included in that previously received network packet;

updating a relative clock correction target to an absolute value of the receipt time offset if the absolute value of the receipt time offset is smaller than an absolute value of each member of a sequential offset comparison set comprising a plurality of sequentially-received previously determined receipt time offsets;

adjusting the system time of the relative clock toward the system time of the global clock in proportion to the relative clock correction target without sending a reply time stamp from the slave computing device to the master computing device; and

presenting the portion of the media asset included in the network packet when the system time of the relative clock reaches a start time indicated by the presentation time stamp so that presentation of the media asset at the slave computing device occurs in synchronization with presentation of the media asset at the master computing device.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising updating a set membership of the sequential offset comparison set on a first-in, first-out basis by removing an earlier-determined set member from the sequential comparison set when addition of a later-determined set member causes a set membership number to exceed a configurable set membership size.