Methods for precision optical frequency synthesis and molecular detection

• US 9,097,656 B2
• Filed: 03/27/2013
• Issued: 08/04/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 03/29/2012
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: IMRA America Incorporated (Aisin Corp.)
• Original Assignee: IMRA America Incorporated (Aisin Corp.)
• Inventors: Fermann, Martin E., Marangoni, Marco, Gatti, Davide
• Primary Examiner(s): Lyons, Michael A
• Application Number:
  US13/851,521
• Publication Number:
  US 20150185141A1
• Time in Patent Office: 860 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/10 Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/108 for measurement in the infrared range
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 9/04 by beating two waves of a same source but of different frequency and measuring the phase shift of the lower frequency obtained
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3504 for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/06113 Coherent sources; lasers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0027 concerning the detector
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/353 Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/3534 Three-wave interaction, e.g. sum-difference frequency generation G02F1/3532 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0092 Nonlinear frequency conversion, e.g. second harmonic generation [SHG] or sum- or difference-frequency generation outside the laser cavity nonlinear frequency conversion per se G02F1/35
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/0092 for nonlinear frequency conversion, e.g. second harmonic generation [SHG] or sum- or difference-frequency generation outside the laser cavity
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/0657 Mode locking, i.e. generation of pulses at a frequency corresponding to a roundtrip in the cavity
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/06821 Stabilising other output parameters than intensity or frequency, e.g. phase, polarisation or far-fields
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/06832 Stabilising during amplitude modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/0687 Stabilising the frequency of the laser
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/4025 Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar H01S5/42 takes precedence

Abstract

The present invention relates to precision linewidth control and frequency measurements of continuous wave lasers for the near to far IR spectral regions, precision frequency synthesizers and exemplary applications in molecular detection. Methods and systems are disclosed for simultaneous line narrowing of cw lasers, as well as referencing the desired emission wavelength to a frequency comb laser.

Claims

1. A laser system, comprising:

a laser source generating a cw output beam at an optical emission frequency;

a frequency comb source to generate a frequency comb;

a detection system that receives a portion of said cw beam and a portion of said frequency comb, said detection system configured to generate a beat signal representative of a frequency difference between a line of the frequency comb and the optical emission frequency of the cw output beam;

a stabilizer operatively connected to said detection system to stabilize said beat signal and said cw optical emission frequency; and

a frequency shifter disposed downstream from said laser source, the frequency shifter receiving a portion of said cw output beam as an optical input and a frequency shifted beat signal as an electrical input,

wherein said frequency shifter generates a line narrowed and frequency shifted cw laser output, said frequency shifter being driven by a signal derived from said beat signal in a feedforward configuration.

2. The laser system of claim 1, wherein said frequency shifted beat signal is derived by mixing said beat signal with an oscillator signal having a frequency f_LO, and the optical frequency of the line narrowed and frequency shifted output is substantially determined by the optical frequency of a comb line and the oscillator frequency, f_LO.

3. The laser system of claim 1, wherein said laser system comprises a ring-down laser cavity disposed downstream from said frequency shifter.

4. The laser system of claim 3, wherein said ring-down cavity is operatively connected to said frequency shifter via a feedback loop so as to generate said line narrowed and frequency shifted output while controlling light injection and/or light detection periods of said ring-down cavity.

5. The laser system of claim 4, wherein said frequency shifter is configured to generate said line narrowed output and to optically switch the ring-down cavity between injection and detection states.

6. The laser system of claim 3, further comprising a controller generating control signals to control at least the repetition rate of said comb laser and the cavity length of said ring-down cavity.

7. The laser system of claim 3, wherein said laser system is arranged as a portion of an optical spectroscopy system.

8. The laser system of claim 1, wherein said laser system comprises a fiber comb laser, and a cw reference laser emitting a reference frequency to which an output of the fiber comb laser is locked, the cw reference laser comprising a single frequency diode laser, wherein the control bandwidth of said controller is sufficiently large to control the emission frequency of said diode.

9. The laser system of claim 1, wherein said frequency shifter comprises an acousto-optic device, an electro-optic device, or a combination thereof.

10. The laser system of claim 1, further comprising:

a cw reference laser, said cw reference laser and said comb source are arranged such that a comb line is locked to the emission frequency of said cw reference laser.

11. The laser system of claim 1, wherein said stabilizer comprises a first servo connected to an RF reference source, said servo generating an error signal between said beat signal and an RF reference signal, wherein said stabilizer at least coarsely stabilizes the optical frequency of said laser source based on said error signal.

12. An optical spectroscopy system capable of molecular detection, comprising the laser system of claim 1.

13. A laser system, comprising:

a laser source generating a cw output beam at an optical emission frequency;

a frequency comb source to generate a frequency comb;

a frequency up-converter comprising a sum-frequency generation stage (SFG) and a supercontinuum stage (SC) to provide frequency up-conversion, said SFG receiving a portion of said cw beam, said SFG and said SC each receiving a portion of said frequency comb, wherein said SFG and said SC, in combination, generate two frequency combs;

a detection system that receives a portion of each of said frequency combs, said detection system being configured to generate a beat signal between the SFG comb and the SC comb;

a stabilizer operatively connected to said detection system to stabilize said beat signal and said cw optical emission frequency; and

a frequency shifter disposed downstream from said cw laser, the frequency shifter receiving a portion of said cw output beam as an optical input and a frequency shifted version of said beat signal between the SFG comb and the SC comb as an electrical input,

wherein said frequency shifter generates a line narrowed and frequency shifted cw laser output.

14. An optical spectroscopy system capable of molecular detection, comprising the laser system of claim 13.