Knowledge repository

• US 9,098,492 B2
• Filed: 05/17/2013
• Issued: 08/04/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 08/01/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Amazon Technologies, Inc. (Amazon.com, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Amazon Technologies, Inc. (Amazon.com, Inc.)
• Inventors: Tunstall-Pedoe, William
• Primary Examiner(s): Vincent, David
• Assistant Examiner(s): BUSS, BENJAMIN J
• Application Number:
  US13/896,611
• Publication Number:
  US 20130254182A1
• Time in Patent Office: 809 Days
• Field of Search: 706/45, 706/55, 707/603, 707/690, 707/792, 707/794, 707/802, 707/805, 707/811, 707/955, 707/999.102, 707/999.103
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/3329 Natural language query formulation or dialogue systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/532 Query formulation, e.g. graphical querying
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/279 Recognition of textual entities
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/40 Processing or translation of natural language natural language analysis G06F40/20; semantic analysis G06F40/30
• CPC Class Codes: G06N 5/00 Computing arrangements using knowledge-based models

Abstract

A knowledge storage system is described. A specific embodiment is a computer system comprising a knowledge base of general knowledge in structured form which can be added to and queried by untrained users. Various embodiments include the facility for remote computers to access the knowledge stored in the system, natural language questions to be answered, profile screens giving general knowledge about an object in the system, and methods for distinguishing between reliable and unreliable facts.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:

providing an interface to a knowledge base, the knowledge base including a plurality of objects corresponding to nodes of a graph, and a plurality of relationships between pairs of the objects, the plurality of relationships corresponding to edges of the graph;

receiving first information regarding a first new relationship from a first user via the interface in response to the first user interacting with a first user interface object, the first information asserting the first new relationship between a first pair of the objects, the first user being one of a plurality of untrained, general internet users of the knowledge base;

immediately publishing the first new relationship to the knowledge base in response to receipt of the first information thereby making the first new relationship available to others of the untrained, general internet users of the knowledge base;

receiving a natural language question from a second user via the interface;

generating a query corresponding to the natural language question for use with the knowledge base;

processing the query with reference to the objects and the relationships of the knowledge base and the first new relationship to generate one or more results responsive to the natural language question;

generating a response from the one or more results;

transmitting the response for presentation to the second user;

receiving second information regarding a second new relationship from a third user via the interface, the second information asserting the second new relationship between a second pair of the objects, the third user being one of the plurality of untrained, general internet users of the knowledge base; and

deferring publication of the second new relationship to the knowledge base until the second new relationship is endorsed by at least one other user of the knowledge base.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding a new object to the knowledge base in response to input from a fourth user.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the response includes profile information describing an object corresponding to the one or more results.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein a first subset of the objects included in the knowledge base corresponds to physical entities in the real world, and a second subset of the objects included in the knowledge base corresponds to conceptual entities, and wherein the objects correspond to a plurality of object classes.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of relationships correspond to a plurality of relationship types, and wherein a subset of the objects included in the knowledge base correspond to a plurality of users.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the knowledge base further includes a time period object associated with at least one relationship.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first new relationship comprises one of “

is,”

“

is married to,”

“

is an instance of,”

“

applies to,”

“

is a member of,”

“

is a subclass of,”

“

is a direct subclass of,”

“

is a distinct class from,”

“

is a url of,”

“

is the president of,”

“

is the capital of,”

“

is the birthplace of,”

“

is geographically located within,”

“

applies for time period,”

“

applies at time point,”

“

is the father of,”

“

is the mother of,”

“

is a parent of,”

“

is the child of,”

“

commonly translates as,”

“

uniquely translates as,”

“

equals,”

“

can denote,”

“

is a present central form of,”

“

is an attribute form of,”

“

is the left class of,”

“

is the right class of,”

“

is the age of,”

“

is living in,”

“

is an email address of,”

or “

is responsible for content at.”

8. A computing system for answering questions relating to a graph, comprising:

one or more data stores having a knowledge base stored therein, the knowledge base including a plurality of objects corresponding to nodes of the graph, and a plurality of relationships between pairs of the objects, the plurality of relationships corresponding to edges of the graph; and

one or more computing devices configured to;

provide an interface to the knowledge base;

receive first information regarding a first new relationship from a first user via the interface in response to the first user interacting with a first user interface object, the first information asserting the first new relationship between a first pair of the objects, the first user being one of a plurality of untrained, general internet users of the knowledge base;

immediately publish the first new relationship to the knowledge base in response to receipt of the first information thereby making the first new relationship available to others of the untrained, general internet users of the knowledge base;

receive a natural language question from a second user via the interface;

generate a query corresponding to the natural language question for use with the knowledge base;

process the query with reference to the objects and the relationships of the knowledge base and the first new relationship to generate one or more results responsive to the natural language question;

generate a response from the one or more results;

transmit the response for presentation to the second user;

receive second information regarding a second new relationship from a third user via the interface, the second information asserting the second new relationship between a second pair of the objects, the third user being one of the plurality of untrained, general internet users of the knowledge base; and

defer publication of the second new relationship to the knowledge base until the second new relationship is endorsed by at least one other user of the knowledge base.

9. The computing system of claim 8, wherein the one or more computing devices are further configured to add a new object to the knowledge base in response to input from a fourth user.

10. The computing system of claim 8, wherein the response includes profile information describing an object corresponding to the one or more results.

11. The computing system of claim 8, wherein a first subset of the objects included in the knowledge base corresponds to physical entities in the real world, and a second subset of the objects included in the knowledge base corresponds to conceptual entities, and wherein the objects correspond to a plurality of object classes.

12. The computing system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of relationships correspond to a plurality of relationship types, and wherein a subset of the objects included in the knowledge base correspond to a plurality of users.

13. The computing system of claim 8, wherein the knowledge base further includes a time period object associated with at least one relationship.

14. The computing system of claim 8, wherein the first new relationship comprises one of “

is,”

“

is married to,”

“

is an instance of,”

“

applies to,”

“

is a member of,”

“

is a subclass of,”

“

is a direct subclass of,”

“

is a distinct class from,”

“

is a url of,”

“

is the president of,”

“

is the capital of,”

“

is the birthplace of,”

“

is geographically located within,”

“

applies for time period,”

“

applies at time point,”

“

is the father of,”

“

is the mother of,”

“

is a parent of,”

“

is the child of,”

“

commonly translates as,”

“

uniquely translates as,”

“

equals,”

“

can denote,”

“

is a present central form of,”

“

is an attribute form of,”

“

is the left class of,”

“

is the right class of,”

“

is the age of,”

“

is living in,”

“

is an email address of,”

or “

is responsible for content at.”

15. A computer program product for answering questions relating to a graph, comprising one or more non-transitory computer-readable media having computer program instructions stored therein, the computer program instructions being configured such that, when executed, the computer program instructions cause one or more computing devices to:

provide an interface to a knowledge base, the knowledge base including a plurality of objects corresponding to nodes of the graph, and a plurality of relationships between pairs of the objects, the relationships corresponding to edges of the graph;

receive first information regarding a first new relationship from a first user via the interface in response to the first user interacting with a first user interface object, the first information asserting the first new relationship between a first pair of the objects, the first user being one of a plurality of untrained, general internet users of the knowledge base;

immediately publish the first new relationship to the knowledge base in response to receipt of the first information thereby making the first new relationship available to others of the untrained, general internet users of the knowledge base;

receive a natural language question from a second user via the interface;

generate a query corresponding to the natural language question for use with the knowledge base;

process the query with reference to the objects and the relationships of the knowledge base and the first new relationship to generate one or more results responsive to the natural language question;

generate a response from the one or more results;

transmit the response for presentation to the second user;

receive second information regarding a second new relationship from a third user via the interface, the second information asserting the second new relationship between a second pair of the objects, the third user being one of the plurality of untrained, general internet users of the knowledge base; and

defer publication of the second new relationship to the knowledge base until the second new relationship is endorsed by at least one other user of the knowledge base.

16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer program instructions are further configured such that, when executed, the computer program instructions cause the one or more computing devices to add a new object to the knowledge base in response to input from a fourth user.

17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the response includes profile information describing an object corresponding to the one or more results.

18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein a first subset of the objects included in the knowledge base corresponds to physical entities in the real world, and a second subset of the objects included in the knowledge base corresponds to conceptual entities, and wherein the objects correspond to a plurality of object classes.

19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the plurality of relationships correspond to a plurality of relationship types, and wherein a subset of the objects included in the knowledge base correspond to a plurality of users.

20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the knowledge base further includes a time period object associated with at least one relationship.

21. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the first new relationship comprises one of “

is,”

“

is married to,”

“

is an instance of,”

“

applies to,”

“

is a member of,”

“

is a subclass of,”

“

is a direct subclass of,”

“

is a distinct class from,”

“

is a url of,”

“

is the president of,”

“

is the capital of,”

“

is the birthplace of,”

“

is geographically located within,”

“

applies for time period,”

“

applies at time point,”

“

is the father of,”

“

is the mother of,”

“

is a parent of,”

“

is the child of,”

“

commonly translates as,”

“

uniquely translates as,”

“

equals,”

“

can denote,”

“

is a present central form of,”

“

is an attribute form of,”

“

is the left class of,”

“

is the right class of,”

“

is the age of,”

“

is living in,”

“

is an email address of,”

or “

is responsible for content at.”