Single-inductor-multiple-output regulator with synchronized current mode hysteretic control

• US 9,099,919 B2
• Filed: 05/01/2012
• Issued: 08/04/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 05/09/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
• Original Assignee: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
• Inventors: Jing, Xiaocheng, Mok, Kwok Tai Philip
• Primary Examiner(s): Behm, Harry
• Assistant Examiner(s): Grubb, Matthew
• Application Number:
  US13/461,576
• Publication Number:
  US 20120286576A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,190 Days
• Field of Search: 307/12, 307/30, 323/267, 323/268, 323/271
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/009 having two or more independently controlled outputs for DC-DC converter with intermediate AC H02M3/33561
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load

Abstract

A single-inductor-multiple-output (SIMO) DC-DC switching regulator with a current-mode hysteretic control technique having an ultra-fast transient response to suppress cross-regulation is provided. The DC-DC switching regulator includes: at least one power source for providing electrical energy; an inductive energy storage element for accumulating and transferring the electrical energy from the input power source to a plurality of outputs; a main switch for controlling energy accumulation at the inductive energy storage element; a plurality of output switches for controlling energy transfer to each of the plurality of outputs; a freewheel switch coupled in parallel with the inductive energy storage element; and a controller, configured to coordinate the plurality of output switches and the main switch.

Claims

1. A DC-DC switching regulator, comprising:

at least one power source for providing electrical energy;

an inductive energy storage element for accumulating and transferring the electrical energy from the at least one power source to a plurality of outputs;

a main switch for controlling energy accumulation at the inductive energy storage element;

a comparator corresponding to the inductive energy storage element for detecting whether an inductor current has reached a peak inductor current level;

a plurality of output switches for controlling energy transfer to each of the plurality of outputs;

at least one comparator corresponding to the plurality of outputs;

a freewheel switch coupled in parallel with the inductive energy storage element; and

a controller, configured to coordinate the plurality of output switches and the main switch so as to periodically transfer accumulated energy from the inductive energy storage element to each of the plurality of outputs for generating a regulated DC voltage at each of the plurality of outputs based on detecting that the inductor current has reached the peak inductor current level, and wherein the coordination further comprises adjustment of a sequence, based on the load at each respective output, in which the accumulated energy is transferred to the plurality of outputs, wherein the adjustment of the sequence based on the load at each respective output includes comparing output voltages of each of the plurality of outputs with an associated reference voltage by the at least one comparator corresponding to the plurality of outputs.

2. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein the controller further comprises:

a clock generator for generating a high frequency reference clock signal, wherein the clock signal is used in adjusting switching frequencies associated with the main switch and the plurality of output switches of the regulator based on the loads at the plurality of outputs;

and

a logic and buffer unit for controlling the main switch, the freewheel switch, and the plurality of output switches.

3. The switching regulator of claim 2, wherein the frequency of the reference clock signal is an integer multiple of each of the switching frequencies of the regulator.

4. The switching regulator of claim 2, wherein the at least one comparator corresponding to each of the plurality of outputs is used to control the accumulated energy transferred to the corresponding output so as to maintain a constant voltage level at the corresponding output.

5. The switching regulator of claim 2, wherein the logic unit is configured to control operation of the main switch, the plurality of output switches, and the freewheel switch.

6. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to provide different switching frequencies for the main switch with respect to charging of at least two different outputs based on the load at each respective output.

7. The switching regulator of claim 6, wherein the switching frequency corresponding to a particular output increases when the load at the particular output increases and decreases when the load at the particular output decreases.

8. The switching regulator of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to assign a different number of switching cycles of the main switch for the at least two different outputs based on the load at each respective output.

9. The switching regulator of claim 8, wherein transfer of accumulated energy to an output that is assigned multiple switching cycles occurs in consecutive switching cycles.

10. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein, within a switching cycle, the controller is configured to close the main switch so as to accumulate the electrical energy in the inductive element;

close one of the plurality of output switches so as to transfer the accumulated electrical energy from the inductive element to the respective output that requires energy; and

close the freewheel switch to short an inductor when inductor current decreases to zero.

11. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein each of the main switch, the freewheel switch, and the plurality of output switches includes a transistor.

12. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein the DC-DC switching regulator is a multiple-output boost converter.

13. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein the DC-DC switching regulator is a multiple-output flyback converter.

14. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein the DC-DC switching regulator is a multiple-output non-flyback converter.

15. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein the DC-DC switching regulator is a multiple-output converter capable of boost, flyback and non-inverting flyback configurations.

16. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein the plurality of outputs have positive output voltages, negative output voltages, or a combination of positive and negative output voltages.

17. A method for controlling a DC-DC switching regulator, the method comprising:

activating a main switch to accumulate energy at an inductive energy storage element;

determining, by a comparator corresponding to the inductive energy storage element, whether an inductor current has reached a peak inductor current level;

deactivating the main switch, based on determining that the inductor current has reached the peak inductor current level, to transfer accumulated energy from the inductive energy storage element to a plurality of outputs;

adjusting, by a controller, a sequence in which the accumulated energy is transferred to the plurality of outputs based on the load at each respective output,wherein the adjusting includes comparing output voltages of each of the plurality of outputs with an associated reference voltage by the at least one comparator corresponding to the plurality of outputs;

determining, by the controller, whether to operate each output in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) or continuous conduction mode (CCM) based on the load at each respective output; and

transferring the accumulated energy from the inductive energy storage element to each of the plurality of outputs based on the adjusted sequence and the determined modes.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein, during transfer of accumulated energy to each of the plurality of outputs, a switching frequency of the main switch is different with respect to charging of at least two different outputs, wherein the switching frequency associated with the main switch for the at least two different outputs is based on the load at each respective output.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the switching frequency associated with the main switch is synchronized with an edge of a high frequency reference clock signal.

20. A DC-DC switching regulator, comprising:

at least one power source for providing electrical energy;

an inductive energy storage element for accumulating and transferring the electrical energy from the at least one power source to a plurality of outputs;

a main switch for controlling energy accumulation at the inductive energy storage element;

a plurality of output switches for controlling energy transfer to each of the plurality of outputs;

a freewheel switch coupled in parallel with the inductive energy storage element; and

a controller, configured to coordinate the plurality of output switches and the main switch so as to periodically transfer accumulated energy from the inductive energy storage element to each of the plurality of outputs for generating a regulated DC voltage at each of the plurality of outputs, wherein the coordination further comprises comparison of output voltages with associated reference voltages, and adjustment of a sequence in which the accumulated energy is transferred to the plurality of outputs;

wherein the controller further comprises;

a clock generator for generating a high frequency reference clock signal, wherein the clock signal is used in adjusting switching frequencies associated with the main switch and the plurality of output switches of the regulator based on the loads at the plurality of outputs;

at least one comparator corresponding to each of the plurality of outputs;

a comparator for detecting whether the inductor current has reached a peak inductor current level; and

a logic and buffer unit for controlling the main switch, the freewheel switch, and the plurality of output switches.