Time-keeping between devices using power distribution line communications

• US 9,106,365 B1
• Filed: 12/22/2011
• Issued: 08/11/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Landis+Gyr Inc. (Landis+Gyr Group AG)
• Original Assignee: Landis+Gyr Inc. (Landis+Gyr Group AG)
• Inventors: Bonicatto, Damian, Flen, Rolf, Haug, Stuart L., Wolter, Chad, Olson, Verne
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Hung T
• Application Number:
  US13/334,589
• Time in Patent Office: 1,328 Days
• Field of Search: 340/870.01, 340/870.02, 340/870.03, 340/870.11, 375/219, 375/257, 375/259, 375/356, 375/354, 375/369
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G04G 7/00 Synchronisation radio-controlled time-pieces G04R
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 23/00 Alarms responsive to unspecified undesired or abnormal conditions
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/542 using zero crossing information
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/54 Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0661 using timestamps
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/00 Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter synchronisation of generators of electric oscillations or pulses H03L7/00

Abstract

Particular embodiments are directed towards a method for communicating time-based data in a power line communication system. The communication system utilized in the method includes: a command center; a collector device; and a plurality of endpoint devices. The method includes communicating, from the collector device, downstream data to the plurality of endpoint devices. This downstream communication utilizes a communication protocol that is relative to a collector network time, and is over a set of power distribution lines carrying alternating current (AC). The collector network time uses the local oscillator. The AC zero-crossing event can be used as a time base for other versions of the network time. Conceptually, the AC can be thought of as acting as a reference clock for maintaining these other network times, although the clocking function can be carried out in the digital realm, e.g., using a digital-signal processor (DSP).

Claims

1. A method for communicating time-based data in a power line communication system having a command center, a collector device and a plurality of endpoint devices, the method comprising:

communicating, from the collector device, downstream data to a plurality of endpoint devices, the downstream data communication using a communication protocol that is relative to a collector network time and that is over a set of power distribution lines carrying alternating current (AC), the collector network time using a local oscillator as a time base; and

for each endpoint device,

communicating, from the endpoint device, upstream data to the collector device, the upstream data communication using a communication protocol that is relative to a corresponding endpoint network time and that is over the set of power distribution lines carrying alternating current (AC), the endpoint network time using the AC as a time base, wherein the upstream data is time-sensitive relative to a location-based time that is dependent on a geographic location of the endpoint device, that uses the AC as a time base and that is offset relative to the endpoint network time; and

adjusting and synchronizing the collector network time and the endpoint network time according to a network time derived from a time server;

(i) to facilitate system-wide downstream data communication over the set of power distribution lines and (ii) to track, via upstream data communication over the set of power distribution lines, with time-based events reported relative to the location-based times used by the endpoint devices.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication protocols for each of the downstream data and the upstream data use symbol transmission intervals that are adjusted and synchronized relative to a corresponding network time.

3. The method of claim 1, further including steps of synchronizing the network time to a Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and offsetting the location-based time relative to the UTC as a function of the geographic location of a corresponding endpoint device.

4. The method of claim 1, further including steps of synchronizing the network time to a standardized time and offsetting the location-based time relative to the standardized time as a function of time zones and regional time-keeping plans associated with a corresponding endpoint device.

5. The method of claim 1, further including a step of maintaining synchronicity between the collector network time and the endpoint network time to within an offset of 150 milliseconds or less and wherein the communication protocol for the downstream data use one of quadrature phase-shift keying, amplitude shift keying, differential phase-shift keying and frequency-shift keying that is communicated using the respective network time as a timing reference.

6. The method of claim 1, further including a step of, at one or more of the endpoints, performing offset compensation between endpoint network time and location-based time and therefrom communicating with the collector device using endpoint network time as a timing reference and communicating with one or more utility meters using the location-based time as a timing reference.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the location-based time differs from the endpoint network time by one or more of time zones and regional time-keeping plans associated with a corresponding endpoint device.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

maintaining synchronicity between each of the plurality of endpoint devices and a plurality of collectors, including the collector device, for each of;

a collector network time that is based upon a crystal oscillator as a time reference;

the endpoint network time that is based upon a frequency of the AC power carried over power distribution lines, and

a metrological time that is based upon the frequency of the AC power carried over power distribution lines as a time reference and that, for one or more of the endpoint devices, is offset from the endpoint network time by one or more of daylight savings time and a time zone; and

communicating meter usage data over the power distribution lines using a communication protocol that uses the endpoint network time as a timing reference point for transmission of the meter usage data and the metrological time for associating billing data with the meter usage data.

9. The method of claim 8, further including a step of broadcasting time packets from a collector to multiple ones of the plurality of endpoint devices, wherein transmission of a subsequent symbol is set to coincide with a time indicated by a data value in the time packet.

10. The method of claim 8, further including a step of synchronizing collector network times for the collectors by receiving synchronization information from a common time server.

11. The method of claim 8, further including a step of maintaining a local system time at each of the endpoints, wherein the endpoint network time uses a frequency of the AC power as a time reference.

12. The method of claim 8, further including a step of maintaining synchronicity between the metrological time of an endpoint of the plurality of endpoints and a metrological time of a utility meter, wherein the metrological time of the utility meter is adjusted in response to a time difference exceeding a threshold time.

13. A utility reporting system comprising:

a plurality of endpoints, each endpoint configured and arranged to

maintain local metrological time in response to timing data received over power distribution lines by adjusting a local clock and by adding timing offsets for one or more of time zones and daylight savings;

receive utility usage data from utility meters;

tag the utility usage data with the local metrological time;

maintain an endpoint network time using a frequency of AC power carried on the power distribution lines as a timing reference;

transmit the tagged utility usage data over the power distribution lines using the endpoint network time as a reference for timing the transmission of data carrying symbols;

a collector including a plurality of blades, each blade configured and arranged to

maintain a collector network time using a local oscillator circuit as a timing reference;

adjust the collector network time in response to timing data received from a time server;

transmit, over the power distribution lines, the maintained collector network time to one or more of the plurality of endpoints;

receive, over the power distribution lines, a signal modulated to include the data carrying symbols and to represent the tagged utility usage data; and

demodulate the modulated signal using the collector network time as a reference for identifying the data carrying symbols.

14. A method comprising:

receiving a signal carried on a power distribution line;

decoding the signal to generate data;

extracting time-of-day information from the generated data;

detecting a start symbol in the signal; and

setting, in response to detecting the start symbol, a network time to a time corresponding to the extracted time-of-day information.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the power distribution line provides alternating current (AC) power.

16. The method of claim 14, further including steps of detecting a daylight savings flag in the extracted time of day information and in response to detecting the presence, generating time data by adding an offset to the network time.

17. An apparatus comprising:

a transceiver circuit configured and arranged to receive and transmit signals carried on a power distribution line;

a processing circuit configured and arranged to

receive a signal carried on the power distribution line;

decode the signal to generate data;

extract time-of-day information from the generated data;

detect a start symbol in the signal; and

set, in response to detecting the start symbol, a network time to a time indicated by the extracted time-of-day information.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the transceiver circuit includes a power line coupling circuit providing protection from at least 100 Volts.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processing circuit is configured and arranged to receive a signal wherein the signal is a broadcast message directed at additional transceiver circuits.

20. An apparatus for communicating time-based data in a power line communication system having a command center, a collector device and a plurality of endpoint devices, the apparatus comprising:

means for communicating, from the collector device, downstream data to a plurality of endpoint devices, the downstream data communication using a communication protocol that is relative to a collector network time and that is over a set of power distribution lines carrying alternating current (AC), the collector network time using a local oscillator as a time base; and

for each endpoint device,

means for communicating, from the endpoint device, upstream data to the collector device, the upstream data communication using a communication protocol that is relative to a corresponding endpoint network time and that is over the set of power distribution lines carrying alternating current (AC), the endpoint network time using the AC as a time base, wherein the upstream data is time-sensitive relative to a location-based time that is dependent on a geographic location of the endpoint device, that uses the AC as a time base and that is offset relative to the endpoint network time; and

means for adjusting and synchronizing the collector network time and the endpoint network time according to a network time derived from a time server;

(i) to facilitate system-wide downstream data communication over the set of power distribution lines and (ii) to track, via upstream data communication over the set of power distribution lines, with time-based events reported relative to the location-based times used by the endpoint devices.