Ultrasensitive biosensors

• US 9,109,251 B2
• Filed: 01/03/2013
• Issued: 08/18/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 06/25/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University of Hawai'i
• Original Assignee: University of Hawai'i
• Inventors: Holm-Kennedy, James
• Primary Examiner(s): Monbleau, Davienne
• Assistant Examiner(s): Cruz, Leslie Pilar
• Application Number:
  US13/733,360
• Publication Number:
  US 20130122510A1
• Time in Patent Office: 957 Days
• Field of Search: 257/253, 435/287.2
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 10/00 Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 15/00 Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/686 Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/4145 specially adapted for biomolecules, e.g. gate electrode with immobilised receptors
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 29/0665 the shape of the body defining a nanostructure nanotechnology per se B82B
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 29/0673 oriented parallel to a substrate
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 29/4908 for thin film semiconductor, e.g. gate of TFT
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 29/66439 with a one- or zero-dimensional channel, e.g. quantum wire FET, in-plane gate transistor [IPG], single electron transistor [SET], striped channel transistor, Coulomb blockade transistor with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material H01L29/66469

Abstract

The present invention is a biosensor apparatus that includes a substrate, a source on one side of the substrate, a drain spaced from the source, a conducting channel between the source and the drain, an insulator region, and receptors on a gate region for receiving target material. The receptors are contacted for changing current flow between the source and the drain. The source and the drain are relatively wide compared to length between the source and the drain through the conducting channel.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a substrate;

a sensor array integrated with the substrate, a sensor of the sensor array including a source, a drain, a channel interposed between the source and the drain, an insulating layer disposed over the channel and overlapping the source and the drain, and a gate region disposed over the insulating layer, the gate region defining binding sites to which beads or polymer films are adhered and configured to receive a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product, a conductivity of the channel to change in response to a pH change associated with the PCR product; and

a heater integrated with the substrate;

wherein a film is attached to the binding sites and includes surface functionalization having both base and acid terminations.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the gate region is in proximity to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor integrated with the substrate.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a temperature controller to control a temperature using the heater and measured by the temperature sensor.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heater is a resistive heater.

6. An apparatus comprising:

a substrate;

a sensor array integrated with the substrate, a sensor of the sensor array including a source, a drain, a channel interposed between the source and the drain, an insulating layer disposed over the channel and overlapping the source and the drain, and polymeric surface functionalization disposed over the insulating layer and including both acid and base terminations, the surface functionalization receiving a product of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) responsive to a heater heating the substrate, a conductivity of the channel to change in response to a pH associated with the product of the PCR.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the heater is configured to cycle the temperature of the substrate to melt nucleotide compounds and facilitate polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

8. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a temperature sensor integrated with the substrate.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a temperature controller to control a temperature using the heater and measured by the temperature sensor.

10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the heater is a resistive heater.