Blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus and blood vessel characteristics measuring method

• US 9,113,797 B2
• Filed: 07/03/2009
• Issued: 08/25/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 07/11/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cyberdyne Inc.
• Original Assignee: University of Tsukuba
• Inventors: Sankai, Yoshiyuki
• Primary Examiner(s): Natnithithadha, Navin
• Assistant Examiner(s): WEARE, MEREDITH H
• Application Number:
  US13/003,017
• Publication Number:
  US 20110118564A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,244 Days
• Field of Search: 600500-509
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0233 Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/046 in a matrix array
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02007 Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02125 of pulse wave propagation time
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0261 using optical means, e.g. infrared light
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0285 Measuring or recording phase velocity of blood waves
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0295 using plethysmography, i.e. measuring the variations in the volume of a body part as modified by the circulation of blood therethrough, e.g. impedance plethysmography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/417 the bone marrow
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6814 Head

Abstract

The blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus 100 includes a blood flow measuring unit 20 held at a position opposed to a skin surface 10 of a measurement region of a subject, an optical sensor unit 30 housed in the blood flow measuring unit 20, an electrocardiograph 40, and a controller 50. The controller 50 includes a blood flow measuring part 60, a blood vessel displacement deriving part 70, and a blood vessel condition deriving part 80. The blood flow measuring part 60 measures the displacements of a blood vessel and tissues around the blood vessel caused by a blood flow based on light intensity at the time of receiving light emitted from a light-emitting part 32 of the sensor unit 30 in light-receiving parts 34 and 36. The blood vessel displacement deriving part 70 derives the wall of the blood vessel 12 based on the displacements of the blood vessel and tissues around the blood vessel. The blood vessel condition deriving part 80 determines pulse wave velocity at each measurement position based on a phase difference between the waveform of the electrocardiographic signal of the electrocardiograph 40 and a detection signal waveform obtained from the light-receiving parts 34 and 36, and derives the condition of the displacement of the wall of the blood vessel 12 from the pulse wave velocity.

Claims

1. A blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus, comprising:

a sensor unit provided at a position opposed to a measurement region of a subject, the sensor unit including a light-emitting part configured to emit light onto the measurement region, a light-receiving part configured to contactlessly receive the light propagated through the measurement region and output a detection signal corresponding to a light intensity of the received light, and a radio communication part configured to convert the detection signal into a radio signal and transmit the radio signal; and

a controller configured to receive the radio signal transmitted from the radio communication part of the sensor unit, the controller including

a blood flow measuring part configured to measure a displacement of a blood vessel and a displacement of a tissue around the blood vessel caused by a blood flow in the measurement region based on the light intensity read from the received radio signal;

a blood vessel displacement deriving part configured to derive a displacement of a wall of the blood vessel based on the displacement of the blood vessel and the displacement of the tissue around the blood vessel measured by the blood flow measuring part;

an electrocardiographic measurement part configured to measure an electrocardiographic signal of the subject;

a blood vessel condition deriving part configured to determine a pulse wave velocity using a difference between a waveform of the electrocardiographic signal and one of a detection signal waveform obtained from the light-receiving part and a waveform of the derived displacement of the wall of the blood vessel, and to derive a condition of the wall of the blood vessel at each of measurement positions by deriving blood vessel characteristics corresponding to the determined pulse wave velocity from a database, wherein the derived condition of the wall of the blood vessel is a degree of arteriosclerosis, and the derived blood vessel characteristics include a modulus of elasticity of the blood vessel, an amount of plaque inside the blood vessel, and the degree of arteriosclerosis; and

a control part configured to generate a first image based on the measured displacement of the blood vessel and the measured displacement of the tissue around the blood vessel and a second image based on the derived condition of the wall of the blood vessel, and display the first image and the second image on a display.

2. The blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blood vessel condition deriving part is configured to derive the condition of the wall of the blood vessel at each of the measurement positions based on a phase difference between the waveform of the electrocardiographic signal and the detection signal waveform obtained from the light-receiving part.

3. The blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blood flow measuring part is configured to optically measure a blood cell component according to the condition of the wall of the blood vessel.

4. The blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein:

the sensor unit includes plural of the light-emitting parts configured to emit light onto a plurality of measuring points of the subject and plural of the light-receiving parts configured to contactlessly receive the light propagated through the measuring points, and

the blood vessel condition deriving part is configured to derive the condition of the wall of the blood vessel at each of the measurement positions based on differences between the waveform of the electrocardiographic signal and the detection signal waveform obtained from the light-receiving parts.

5. The blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the light-receiving parts include a first light-receiving part configured to measure a propagation intensity of the light over an upstream portion of the blood vessel in the measurement region;

and a second light-receiving part provided on a downstream side of the first light-receiving part over the blood vessel and configured to measure the propagation intensity of the light over a downstream portion of the blood vessel in the measurement region.

6. The blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor unit includes plural of the light-receiving parts configured to contactlessly receive the light propagated through the measurement region and the light-receiving parts are circumferentially arranged at predetermined intervals at different radial positions around the light-emitting part.

7. The blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor unit is provided in a movable blood vessel measuring unit and configured to measure a propagation intensity of the light in any measurement region.

8. The blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the blood flow measuring unit includes:

a battery configured to supply the sensor unit with an electric current.

9. The blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein plural of the sensor units are supported at a plurality of points of a netted base configured to be attached to a head of the subject and are configured to measure a propagation intensity of the light at the respective measurement positions of the head of the subject.

10. The blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the blood vessel condition deriving part is configured to derive the condition of the blood vessel at each of the measurement positions of the head based on differences between the waveform of the electrocardiographic signal and detection signal waveforms obtained from the sensor units.

11. The blood vessel characteristics measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein:

the blood flow measuring part is configured to map measurement data obtained from the light-emitting parts based on addresses relative to the head, and to store the displacement of the blood vessel in the database with respect to each of the measurement positions corresponding to the addresses, and

the blood vessel condition deriving part is configured to generate an image of blood vessel characteristics of the entire head by deriving the condition of the blood vessel at each of the measurement positions of the head by reading the displacement of the blood vessel at each of the measurement positions from the database and extracting the displacement of the blood vessel corresponding to each of the addresses.

12. A blood vessel characteristics measuring method, comprising:

causing a light-emitting part of a sensor unit provided to be opposed to a measurement region of a subject to emit light onto the measurement region,

receiving the light propagated through the measurement region and outputting a detection signal corresponding to a light intensity of the received light by a light-receiving part of the sensor unit;

converting the detection signal into a radio signal and transmitting the radio signal by the sensor unit;

receiving the radio signal transmitted from the sensor unit by a controller;

measuring, by the controller, a displacement of a blood vessel and a displacement of a tissue around the blood vessel caused by a blood flow in the measurement region based on the light intensity read from the received radio signal;

deriving, by the controller, a displacement of a wall of the blood vessel based on the measured displacement of the blood vessel and the measured displacement of the tissue around the blood vessel;

measuring, by the controller, an electrocardiographic signal of the subject;

determining, by the controller, a pulse wave velocity using a difference between a waveform of the electrocardiographic signal and one of a detection signal waveform obtained from the light-receiving part and a waveform of the derived displacement of the wall of the blood vessel, and deriving, by the controller, a condition of the wall of the blood vessel at each of measurement positions by deriving blood vessel characteristics corresponding to the determined pulse wave velocity from a database, wherein the derived condition of the wall of the blood vessel is a degree of arteriosclerosis, and the derived blood vessel characteristics include a modulus of elasticity of the blood vessel, an amount of plaque inside the blood vessel, and the degree of arteriosclerosis; and

generating, by the controller, a first image based on the measured displacement of the blood vessel and the measured displacement of the tissue around the blood vessel and a second image based on the derived condition of the wall of the blood vessel, and displaying the first image and the second image on a display.