Wireless location using network centric location estimators

• US 9,134,398 B2
• Filed: 12/12/2011
• Issued: 09/15/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 09/09/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: TracBeam LLC (Dennis J. Dupray)
• Original Assignee: TracBeam LLC (Dennis J. Dupray)
• Inventors: Dupray, Dennis J., Karr, Charles L., Goldberg, Sheldon F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Phan, Dao
• Application Number:
  US13/323,221
• Publication Number:
  US 20120190380A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,373 Days
• Field of Search: 342/357.73, 342/450, 342/453, 342/457, 342/465, 342/451, 342/463, 455/456.1, 455/456.3, 455/456.6
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 1/026 of associated receivers
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 1/028 Simulation means, e.g. of beacon signals therefor for teaching or training purposes G09B9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2205/006 for emergency situations
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2205/008 using a mobile telephone network
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0009 Transmission of position information to remote stations involving assistance data G01S5/0236
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0018 Transmission from mobile station to base station
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0054 of actual mobile position, i.e. position calculation on base station
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/021 Calibration, monitoring or correction G01S5/0252 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0244 Accuracy or reliability of position solution or of measurements contributing thereto
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0263 by combining or switching between positions derived from two or more separate positioning systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0278 involving statistical or probabilistic considerations G01S5/0252, G01S5/0294 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/06 Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements G01S5/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/10 Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements , e.g. omega or decca systemsG01S5/12 takes precedence ; beacons and receivers cooperating therewith G01S1/306, G01S1/308
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/029 Location-based management or tracking services
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 64/00 Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/005 Data network PoA devices

Abstract

A wireless location system is disclosed having one or more location centers for locating mobile stations (MS) based on, e.g., WIFI, CDMA, AMPS, NAMPS, TDMA, GPRS, and GSM. MS location requests can be processed via, e.g., Internet communication between a network of location centers. A plurality of MS locating technologies may be used, including those based on: two-way TOA and TDOA; pattern recognition; distributed antennas; and reduced coverage base stations. The system includes strategies for: automatically adapting and calibrating system performance according to environmental and geographical changes; automatically capturing location signal data for enhancing a historical data base retaining predictive location signal data; evaluating MS locations according to heuristics and constraints related to, e.g., terrain, MS velocity and path; and adjusting likely MS locations adaptively and statistically. The system is useful for emergency calls, tracking, routing, people and animal location including applications for confinement to and exclusion from certain areas.

Claims

1. A method for locating a mobile communication unit, M, using wireless signal data obtained from transmissions between the mobile communication unit M and one or more of a plurality of terrestrial wireless communication stations, the plurality of communication stations operatively configured for wirelessly communicating with a plurality of mobile communication units including the mobile communication unit M, comprising performing the following steps by computational equipment:

receiving, for an instance of locating the mobile communication unit M, one or more occurrences of M related location data, each of the occurrences obtained using information obtained from two way wireless transmissions between the mobile communication unit M at a terrestrial location, and one or more of the communication stations;

first obtaining a first location estimate for M from a first location estimator, wherein the first location estimator determines said first location estimate using one or more values, V, obtained using at least a first of the occurrences of the M related location data, wherein each value V is indicative of a difference in arrival times for signals of the wireless transmissions;

(i) between the mobile communication unit M and one of the one or more communication stations, and (ii) between the mobile communication unit M and a different one of the one or more communication stations;

wherein the step of first obtaining determines the first location estimate relative to each of;

(i) a location of the one communication station, and (ii) a location of the different communication station;

second obtaining a second location estimate for M using a second location estimator, wherein the second location estimator determines said second location estimate using at least one of the one or more occurrences, wherein each occurrence of the at least one occurrence is indicative of an angular orientation about one of the communication stations, CS, wherein the angular orientation represents a direction of a wireless transmission to CS from the mobile communication unit M;

determining a resulting location estimate of the mobile communication unit M, wherein at least one of the following substeps (i) and (ii) is performed;

(i) determining one or more values for indicating which of said first and second location estimates is preferred, and (ii) combining said first and second location estimates for determining said resulting location estimate;

wherein the resulting location estimate identifies a likely location of the mobile communication unit M relative to one or more fixed positions on the earth; and

outputting said resulting location estimate of the mobile communication unit M.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of first obtaining includes providing at least one of said values V to a site remote from the mobile communication unit M for determining said first location estimate.

3. The method of claim 1, further including one or more of (d1) and (d2) following:

(d1) a step of determining a likely geographical location of the mobile communication unit M, the likely geographical location being dependent upon corresponding data indicative of each of a plurality of geographical locations, wherein for each of the geographical locations, GL, the corresponding data therefor includes wireless signal information obtained from a transmission, T, between another mobile communication unit and the communication stations such that the transmission T occurs when the another mobile communication unit is at the geographical location GL, and

(d2) the step of determining a likely geographical location includes a step of selecting the corresponding data for one or more of the geographical locations of (d1) that are likely to be approximate to the terrestrial location for M.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of first obtaining is performed at a site not co-located with M.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of outputting includes transmitting said resulting location estimate via the Internet.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of said first and second location estimates is not dependent upon a value that the other of said first and second location estimates is dependent upon.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein:

(i) said first location estimate is dependent upon a first value for wireless signals communicated between the mobile communication unit M, and at least one of the communication stations, and (ii) said second location estimate is dependent upon a second value for wireless signals communicated between the mobile communication unit M, and at least one of the communication stations;

wherein said first location estimate is not dependent on said second value, and said second location estimate is not dependent on said first location estimate.

8. The method of claim 1, further including a step of receiving, via a communications network, a signal by a user of the mobile communication unit M for initiating the instance of locating said mobile communication unit M.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein said wireless transmissions include two way communication of voice data between the mobile communication unit M and the one or more communication stations.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein said mobile communication unit M is a hand-held device for wirelessly communicating via a telephony network.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the two way wireless transmissions pass through intermediary equipment included in a mobile base station.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of determining a resulting location estimate includes receiving M location information from a vehicle for locating the mobile communication unit M, wherein said M location information is obtained using one or more of a direction of transmission and signal strength from wireless transmissions by the mobile communication unit M.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of receiving includes receiving said M location data from the Internet.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein said resulting location estimate includes an identification of a roadway for identifying the likely location of the mobile communication unit M relative to said fixed positions.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein for an additional instance of locating the mobile communication unit M, one of said steps of first and second obtaining is not performed when a corresponding input for the location estimator of the one step is unavailable.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of combining is performed, and said step of combining includes deriving said resulting location estimate as more dependent upon one of said first and second location estimates deemed to be a better estimate of the location of the mobile communication unit M.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of determining the resulting location estimate includes using a coverage area analysis technique (CA), wherein when CA is supplied with input data obtained from at least one wireless signal transmission between the mobile communication unit M_a and one of the communication stations (CS₁), then CA uses an area that is substantially indicative of a coverage area about the communication station CS₁ for locating the mobile communication unit M_a.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the first location estimator performs one or more of:

(A) a learning technique, wherein said learning technique uses a learned association for associating (a1) and (a2) following;

(a1) information obtained from at least one of signal strength and signal time delay measurements of wireless signals communicated between the mobile communication unit M and the communication stations, and

(a2) data identifying a likely geographical indication for a location for the mobile communication unit M,

wherein said association is learned by a training process using a plurality of data pairs, each said data pair including;

first information identifying a known location of some mobile communication unit, and second information from wireless signal measurements communicated between said some mobile communication unit and one or more of the communication stations when said some mobile communication unit is at the known location;

(B) a second technique for recognizing a pattern in wireless signal characteristics, wherein said second technique includes the steps of (b1) and (b2) following;

(b1) associating, for each location L_a of a plurality of geographical locations, (a1) and (a2) following;

(b1-1) a representation of the geographical location L_a, and

(b1-2) for the geographical location L_a, corresponding information indicative of one or more characteristics of wireless signals previously transmitted between some mobile communication unit (M₂) and the communication stations, when the some mobile communication unit M₂ transmitted from approximately the geographical location L_a, the mobile communication unit M₂ different from M; and

(b2) determining one or more likely location estimates for M by identifying a similarity in a pattern between (b1) and (b2) following;

(b1) one or more wireless signal characteristics determined from wireless signals communicated between the mobile communication unit M and the communication stations, and (b2) the information of (a2) for a collection of one or more of the plurality of geographical locations.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein for providing for each of a plurality of wireless mobile communication units, corresponding one or more notifications related to an event or circumstance, wherein there is a network having a plurality of geographically spaced apart stationary network access units for receiving wireless signals from the mobile communication unit, comprising performing, for each mobile communication unit, M, of the mobile communication units, the following steps by computational equipment:

(a) receiving network input by a subscriber to a service for providing the corresponding notifications for M, the network input for providing a data content in a persistent data storage, the data content used for determining the corresponding notifications;

wherein the data content includes;

(i) an identification of at least one entity authorized by the subscriber to be notified of an occurrence of the related event or circumstance, and (iii) one or more notification criteria whose evaluation is for determining whether an occurrence of the related event or circumstance has occurred;

(b) subsequently, receiving information indicative of a location for the mobile communication unit M, wherein the information is determined using geolocation indicative measurements of wireless signals communicated between the mobile communication unit M and the network;

(c) using an identification for the mobile communication unit M to access the data content in the persistent data storage for evaluating the notification criteria using the information; and

(d) when the notification criteria evaluates to a first result, a step of notifying the at least one entity by a network transmission of an occurrence of the event or circumstance and location information indicative of a location of the mobile communication unit M, wherein the location information is determined using geolocation indicative measurements of wireless signals communicated between the mobile communication unit M and the network.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein for at least one of the mobile communication units, the corresponding event or circumstance includes an availability of a parking space, and one of the corresponding notifications is transmitted to the at least one mobile communication unit.

21. A mobile communication unit location system, comprising:

a network interface for receiving one or more requests from a communications network, wherein each request is for locating, at one or more terrestrial locations, a corresponding mobile communication unit of a plurality of mobile communication units, wherein during an instance of locating the corresponding mobile communication unit, there is two way wireless communication between the corresponding mobile communication unit and at least one of a plurality of terrestrial communication stations;

wherein for each of said one or more requests, each of one or more location estimators contacted for the request, determines at least one estimate of a location of the corresponding mobile communication unit for the request;

wherein for at least one of the corresponding mobile communication units, M, and for one of said requests, R, for locating the mobile communication unit M, the contacted one or more of the location estimators results in first and second of the location estimates for the request, R, each of said first and second location estimates having one or more of a geographical extent and a location of the mobile communication unit M;

wherein the first location estimate of the mobile communication unit M is dependent upon a difference in signal time delays of wireless transmissions between;

(i) the mobile communication unit M, and (ii) each of at least two of the terrestrial communication stations;

wherein the first location estimate is determined relative to terrestrial locations respectively of a first of the at least two of the communication stations and a different one of the at least two communication stations;

wherein the second location estimate of the mobile communication unit M is dependent upon directional data of wireless signals, from the mobile communication unit being located, to at least one of the terrestrial communication stations, CS, for determining a direction from CS toward the mobile communication unit M;

a location determiner for determining a resulting location estimate of the mobile communication unit M, wherein said location determiner receives said first and second location estimates and performs at least one of (i) and (ii) following;

(i) determines information indicative of which of said first and second location estimates is a more likely location of the mobile communication unit M, and (ii) combines said first and second location estimates for determining the resulting location estimate;

wherein the resulting location estimate identifies a location of the mobile communication unit M relative to one or more fixed positions on the earth;

an output interface for transmitting the resulting location estimate of the mobile communication unit M to a corresponding destination, wherein the corresponding destination also corresponds to one of the requests for locating the mobile communication unit M.

22. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 21, wherein for receiving at least some of the requests, said network interface interfaces with the Internet as at least a portion of the communications network.

23. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 21, wherein at least one of the communication stations in communication with the mobile communication unit M is provided by a commercial radio service provider.

24. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 21 further including an output gateway for transmitting the resulting location estimate via one or more of a public switched telephone network and the Internet.

25. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 21, further including a location estimator gateway for contacting at least one of said location estimators via a transmission on one of a telephony network and the Internet, wherein said location estimator gateway provides data that is used to route an activation request to the at least one location estimator.

26. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 25, wherein said activation request is transmitted on the Internet.

27. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 25, wherein said location estimator gateway provides wireless data for the difference in signal time delays to one of said location estimators.

28. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 27, wherein said location estimator gateway provides wireless data for the directional data to one of said location estimators.

29. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 25, wherein for locating one of the mobile communication units, M₀, a one of said location estimators is activated by a first contact from said location estimator gateway when wireless signal data for an occurrence of a difference in signal time delays between the mobile communication unit M₀ and each of two of the communication stations is available, and a another of said location estimators is activated by a second contact from said location estimator gateway, different from said first contact, when an occurrence of directional data of wireless signals is available, wherein the occurrence of directional data is indicative of a direction of the mobile communication unit M₀ from at least one of the communication stations.

30. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 25, wherein for locating at least one of the plurality of mobile communication units, said location estimator gateway provides information for activation of a third location estimator in response to one of said requests, wherein the third location estimator provides a location estimate for locating the at least one mobile communication unit;

wherein said third location estimator estimates a location of the at least one mobile communication unit by performing a pattern recognition of wireless signals.

31. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 21, wherein the location determiner includes an ambiguity resolver for resolving an ambiguity between said first and second location estimates.

32. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 21, further including one or more components to provide one or more of (a) and (b) following:

(a) an additional location estimate of the mobile communication unit M, wherein said components determine the additional location estimate by using one or more geographical differences of mobile communication unit estimates, wherein each said geographical difference is determined using at least one difference between (i) and (ii) following;

(i) a previous location estimate of a mobile communication unit, M_p, wherein said previous location estimate is obtained from at least one of the location estimators, and is selected according to a similarity between;

(1) location related data for the previous location estimate, and (2) location related data for the additional location estimate, and

(ii) a more accurate location estimate of M_p at substantially a same geographical location for which said previous location estimate is an estimate therefor, and

(b) a value indicative of a likelihood of the mobile communication unit M being at a location estimate expected to be more accurate than at least one said first and second location estimates.

33. The mobile communication unit location system of claim 21, further including a location enhancing component for enhancing an accuracy of at least one of said first and second location estimates, wherein said location enhancing component determines an accuracy enhancing offset for said at least one location estimate using previous location estimates obtained from said location estimator providing said at least one location estimate.

34. The system of claim 21, wherein for locating the mobile communication unit M, each intermediary device for transmitting wireless information between the mobile communication unit M and the terrestrial communication stations is terrestrially based.

35. A method for locating a plurality of mobile communication units using wireless signal measurements obtained from transmissions between said mobile communication units and a plurality of terrestrial communication stations, wherein each of said communication stations includes a transmitter and a receiver for wirelessly communicating with said mobile communication units, comprising:

receiving, for locating each of a first and a second of the mobile communication units, a corresponding a location request, wherein the first and second mobile communication units are each capable of wireless two way communication with the communication stations;

requesting, for locating each of the first and second of the mobile communication units, activation of a corresponding one or more location estimators, wherein (A) and (B) following hold;

(A) a first collection of one or more of the corresponding location estimators for locating the first mobile communication unit are activated, wherein when input data to the first collection includes values obtained from wireless signal measurements that are, in turn, obtained via transmissions between said first mobile communication unit and one or more of the communication stations, said corresponding location estimators of the first collection perform at least the techniques (T1), and (T2) following, wherein the first mobile communication unit is an instance of each of the mobile communication unit M_i, for i=1, 2 respectively for each of the techniques (T1) and (T2) hereinbelow; and

(B) a second collection of one or more of the corresponding location estimators for locating the second mobile communication unit are activated, wherein when input data to the second collection includes values obtained from wireless signal measurements that are, in turn, obtained via transmissions between said second mobile communication unit and one or more of the communication stations, said corresponding location estimators of the second collection perform at least one of the techniques (T3) and (T4) following, wherein the second mobile communication unit is an instance of at least one of the mobile communication units M_i, for i=3 or 4 for the corresponding at least one of the techniques (T3) and (T4) performed;

(T1) a first technique for determining at least one location estimate or locus for locating one or more of the mobile communication units, M₁, wherein for locating the mobile communication unit M₁, an instance of said corresponding input data indicative of one of;

a time of arrival of wireless signals, and a time difference of arrival of wireless signals transmitted between the mobile communication unit M₁ and at least one of the communications stations, CS₁, is used for determining a range of the mobile communication unit M₁ from CS₁, said range varying with varying values of the timing measurements, wherein at least one of the transmitted signals is from the mobile communication unit M₁ to CS₁, and wherein said first technique outputs the at least one location estimate or locus from a site different from the location of the mobile communication unit M₁;

(T2) a second technique for determining one or more candidate locations for locating one or more of the mobile communication units, M₂, wherein for locating the mobile communication unit M₂, each of said candidate locations is determined using, for at least some one of the communication stations, CS₂, data indicative of a direction of arrival of a wireless signal received at CS₂ and transmitted from the mobile communication unit M₂;

(T3) a third technique for locating one or more of the mobile communication units, M₃, wherein for locating the mobile communication unit M₃, a location estimate is determined using a coverage area analysis technique, CA, wherein when CA is supplied with input data obtained from at least one wireless signal transmission between the mobile communication unit M₃ and one of the communication stations, CS₃, then CA uses an area that is substantially indicative of a coverage area about the communication station CS₃ for locating the mobile communication unit M₃;

(T4) a fourth technique, wherein said fourth technique provides a pattern recognizer for estimating a location of one or more of the mobile communication units, M₄, wherein said location estimate for the mobile communication unit M₄ is derived from a pattern of multipath wireless signal characteristics for wireless signals communicated between;

(a) one or more of the communication stations, and (b) said mobile communication unit M₄;

wherein for at least the first mobile communication unit, the step of requesting results in a determination of a first location estimate relative to terrestrial locations respectively of a first of the communication stations and a different one of the communication stations, wherein the first location estimate is dependent upon a corresponding one of the wireless transmissions communicated between the mobile communication unit M and the first communication station;

first obtaining, from said one or more location estimators for locating the first mobile communication unit, first location information for locating the first mobile communication unit, wherein the first location information includes;

an instance of the at least one location estimate or locus for locating the first mobile communication unit as an instance of M₁ of the first technique, and an instance of the one or more candidate locations for locating the first mobile communication unit that uses the second technique;

first determining a first resulting location estimate of the first mobile communication unit using said first location information;

second obtaining, from said one or more location estimators for locating the second mobile communication unit, second location information from the corresponding location estimators for locating the second mobile communication unit, wherein the second location information includes at least one of;

a location of the second mobile communication unit that uses the third technique, and a location of the second mobile communication unit that uses the fourth technique; and

second determining a second resulting location estimate of the second mobile communication unit using said second location information.

36. The method of claim 35, further including a step of outputting one of said first and second resulting location estimates (RE) to a destination on the Internet.

37. The method of claim 35, further including a step of adjusting a confidence, C, for a location estimation of the mobile unit M, wherein for adjusting the confidence C, a determination is made as to how closely the location estimation corresponds to an extrapolated location estimate of the mobile unit M.