Apparatus and methods of routing with control vectors in a synchronized adaptive infrastructure (SAIN) network

• US 9,137,201 B2
• Filed: 03/08/2013
• Issued: 09/15/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 03/09/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ray W. Sanders
• Original Assignee: Ray W. Sanders
• Inventors: Sanders, Ray W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ly, Anh-Vu
• Assistant Examiner(s): DAYA, TEJIS A
• Application Number:
  US13/791,709
• Publication Number:
  US 20140056317A1
• Time in Patent Office: 921 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/1629 Format building algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/247 ATM or packet multiplexing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/604 Address structures or formats
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2101/622 Layer-2 addresses, e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/0852 Delays
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/0894 Packet rate
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/16 Threshold monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/245 Link aggregation, e.g. trunking
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/66 Layer 2 routing, e.g. in Ethernet based MAN's
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/74 Address processing for routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/742 Route cache; Operation thereof
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/50 in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate

Abstract

Disclosed is a synchronized adaptive infrastructure (SAIN) network. Switches, synchronized nodes, and persistent connections can be used. Also described are methods and apparatus for the following functions: disjoint partitioning; data aggregation and disaggregation; interfacing with packet-based networks; bandwidth management; use of control vectors for security, addressing, error control, routing, etc. Synchronized networks are disclosed which enable fast connection set up and release in a tiered hierarchy of circuit switched nodes. Methods of synchronizing and transforming data streams are disclosed, as well as overcoming Doppler, environmental, and frequency offset effects.

Claims

1. A method of addressing an incoming data stream, the method comprising:

forming a connection domain to transmit connection frames for a connection, wherein a first length of the connection frames is proportional to a bandwidth of said connection;

receiving, at a buffer of an ingress node, the incoming data stream that is to be transmitted to a destination address of a networked system;

clustering the incoming data stream into cellets within the connection frames for said;

forming a super frame of the connection frames in the connection domain by adding one of a plurality of cellets for each connection frame of the super frame, including a cellet for the beginning connection frame of the first incoming data stream, wherein a second length of said cellets is proportional to the bandwidth of said connection; and

transforming the super frame, by a computing system comprising computer hardware, to form a space/time connection stream in a space/time domain, wherein the position of said cellets within the super frame indicates a time at which to transmit said cellets associated with the connection in the space/time connection stream.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

forming a buffer at the ingress node; and

receiving, at the ingress node, the space/time connection stream, wherein at least a plurality of bits of the space/time connection stream is received at the buffer.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the buffer has a length of two bits.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein forming the buffer at the ingress node further comprises:

determining a length of the buffer based at least in part on a temperature of at least one of an optical fiber or a wireline.

5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:

discarding two bits of the plurality of bits received at the buffer, and thereby providing a space/time data stream that corresponds to a frame size of the ingress node.

6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

synchronizing the space/time connection stream with plesiochronous bits, and thereby offsetting a difference in frequency.

7. A system comprising:

one or more processors; and

tangible, non-transitory computer storage that stores a program that when executed by the one or more processors is configured to perform operations comprising;

forming a connection domain to transmit connection frames for a connection, wherein a length of the connection frames is proportional to a bandwidth of said connection;

receiving, at a buffer, an incoming data stream of space/time frames that is to be transmitted to a destination address of a networked system;

clustering, in the buffer, the incoming data stream into said connection frames comprising cellets for transmission in said connection, wherein said connection provides the bandwidth required to transmit said cellets in a single transmission request, wherein each of said cellets corresponds to a particular bandwidth allowed by each cellet between the ingress node and the egress node;

forming a super frame of said connection frames in the connection domain by appending prefix cellets to the super frame within the incoming data stream;

determining that the super frame corresponds to a space/time connection stream, wherein the position of said cellets within the super frame indicates a time at which to transmit said cellets associated with the connection in the space/time connection stream, wherein the space/time connection stream includes at least space/time frames of the super frame; and

thereby providing transmission of said incoming data stream of space/time frames, using the connection domain with an overhead of said appended cellets to the super frame.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the connection is at least one of a 3Gbps data connection over an optical fiber or a wireline, and thereby providing transmission of the incoming data stream in the single transmission request to the destination address.

9. The system of claim 7, the one or more processors further configured to perform operations comprising:

correlating, with said prefix cellets, the super frame to said space/time frames, wherein a synchronization value corresponds to a state of time synchronization for said space/time frames corresponding to a common clock, wherein said prefix cellets index said space/time frames within the space/time connection stream.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the correlating is performed with a periodic autocorrelation.

11. The system of claim 7, wherein determining the super frame corresponds to said space/time connection stream further comprises:

assigning synchronization values for each of said prefix cellets with counters; and

correlating said space/time frames to said prefix cellets with said synchronization values.

12. The system of claim 7, the one or more processors further configured to perform operations comprising:

forming a phase alignment buffer, wherein the phase alignment buffer has a length proportional to the bandwidth between the ingress node and the egress node.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein forming the phase alignment buffer comprises:

determining said length of the phase alignment buffer based at least in part on the medium of communication of the space/time connection stream.

14. The system of claim 13, in determining said length of the phase alignment buffer, the one or more processors further configured to perform operations further comprising:

receiving an indication of temperature for said medium of communication; and

determining said length of the phase alignment buffer based at least in part on said indication of temperature.

15. The system of claim 7, wherein the incoming data stream is associated with a first frequency and the space/time connection stream is associated with a second frequency, wherein additional cellets are appended to said space/time frames, wherein each of said additional cellets corresponds to a difference between the first frequency and the second frequency.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein said additional cellets are plesiochronous cellets, wherein a bandwidth of each plesiochronous cellet corresponds to a rate of change in a temperature.

17. A system comprising:

one or more processors; and

tangible, non-transitory computer storage that stores a program that when executed by the one or more processors is configured to perform operations comprising;

forming a connection domain to transmit connection frames over connections between trunk egress nodes and trunk ingress nodes;

receiving an incoming data stream of space/time frames that is to be transmitted to a destination address of a networked system;

clustering, in the buffer, the incoming data stream into said connection frames comprising cellets for transmission in said connection, wherein said connection provides a bandwidth required to transmit said cellets in a single transmission request, wherein each of said cellets corresponds to a particular bandwidth allowed by each cellet between at least one trunk egress node of said trunk egress nodes and at least one trunk ingress node of said trunk ingress nodes;

determining that the super frame corresponds to a space/time connection stream, wherein the position of said cellets within the super frame indicates a time at which to transmit said cellets associated with the connection in the space/time connection stream, wherein the space/time connection stream includes at least space/time frames of the super frame;

determining path latencies of said connections;

determining a lowest latency connection of said connections using said path latencies;

sending the super frame via the lowest latency connection; and

thereby providing transmission of said incoming data stream of space/time frames in a deterministic manner to the destination address using the connection domain.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the connections are coupled via paths to said at least one trunk egress node of said trunk egress nodes and said at least one trunk ingress node of said trunk ingress nodes, wherein said paths comprise nodes, and wherein at least one node of said nodes is said at least one trunk egress node or said at least one trunk ingress node.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein determining the lowest latency connection of said connections using said path latencies comprises:

forming a connection matrix with said trunk egress nodes and said trunk ingress nodes;

obtaining the path latencies between said nodes;

determine routes for the super frame based at least in part on said path latencies; and

determine the lowest latency connection based on one of the said routes having a lowest latency as compared to other determined routes.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the size of the connection matrix is based at least in part on the total number of said trunk egress nodes and said trunk ingress nodes.