Electric vehicle battery contactor switch monitoring

• US 9,146,281 B2
• Filed: 11/12/2013
• Issued: 09/29/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 11/12/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: Bolduc, Robert J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhanu, Samuel
• Application Number:
  US14/077,647
• Publication Number:
  US 20150130469A1
• Time in Patent Office: 686 Days
• Field of Search: 320/426, 320/433
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3277 of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3835 involving only voltage measurements
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/396 Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/66 Testing of connections, e.g. of plugs or non-disconnectable joints testing for incorrect line connections G01R31/55

Abstract

Contactor switches between a multi-cell battery pack and an electric vehicle load are monitored. A main microcontroller having a chassis ground is digitally isolated from positive and negative busses of the battery pack. A battery monitoring IC having a plurality of auxiliary/thermistor A/D inputs measures respective voltages of battery cells. An evaluation switch is connected to a junction between a first contactor switch and the load. The evaluation switch is activated in response to a command received from the main microprocessor. A voltage divider is coupled between the output of the evaluation switch and the negative bus to provide a divided voltage output to one of the auxiliary/thermistor A/D inputs. The battery monitoring IC transmits a digital value representative of the divided voltage output to the main microprocessor via a serial data link, and the main microprocessor determines a state of the contactor in response to the digital value.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle system, comprising:

a multi-cell battery pack providing a main battery voltage between a positive bus and a negative bus;

a first contactor switch selectably coupling the positive bus to a load;

a main microcontroller monitoring performance of the battery pack and contactor switches, the main microcontroller being coupled to a chassis ground and being digitally isolated from the positive and negative busses;

a battery monitoring IC connected to the battery pack to measure respective voltages of cells in the battery pack, wherein the battery monitoring IC has an isolated serial data link to the main microcontroller to report the measured voltages, and wherein the battery monitoring IC further includes a plurality of auxiliary A/D inputs and an auxiliary output terminal selectably providing a drive signal;

an evaluation switch having an input, an output, and a control terminal, wherein the input is connected to a junction between the first contactor switch and the load, and wherein the control terminal is coupled to the auxiliary output terminal so that the evaluation switch is activated in response to a command received from the main microcontroller over the serial data link; and

a voltage divider coupled between the output of the evaluation switch and the negative bus and providing a divided voltage output to one of the auxiliary A/D inputs;

wherein the battery monitoring IC transmits a digital value representative of the divided voltage output to the main microcontroller via the serial data link, and wherein the main microcontroller determines a state of the first contactor in response to the digital value.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the voltage divider is comprised of a high side resistor coupled in series with a low side resistor, wherein a junction between the resistors provides the divided voltage output, and wherein the system further comprises a reverse voltage blocking diode coupled between the evaluation switch and the high side resistor.

3. The system of claim 2 further comprising a filter coupled between the auxiliary A/D input and the junction between the high side and low side resistors.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the battery monitoring IC has a positive voltage supply terminal, and wherein the system further comprises:

a second contactor switch selectably coupling the negative bus to the load;

a second voltage divider coupled from the positive voltage supply terminal to a junction between the second contactor switch and the load, wherein the second voltage divider provides a second divided voltage to a second one of the auxiliary A/D inputs;

wherein the battery monitoring IC transmits a second digital value representative of the second divided voltage to the main microcontroller via the serial data link, and wherein the main microcontroller determines a state of the second contactor in response to the second digital value.

5. The system of claim 4 further comprising a reverse voltage blocking diode coupling the second voltage divider to the junction between the second contactor switch and the load.

6. The system of claim 1 further comprising a thermistor mounted for sensing a temperature of the battery pack and coupled to an A/D conversion input of the main microcontroller and to the chassis ground.

7. A method of monitoring a battery pack and contactor switches in an electric drive of an electric vehicle, comprising:

digitally isolating a main microprocessor which is coupled to a chassis ground from a battery monitoring IC which is connected to the battery pack to measure respective voltages of cells in the battery pack, wherein the battery monitoring IC has an isolated serial data link to the main microprocessor to report the measured voltages;

selectably coupling a voltage divider between a load side of a positive contactor switch and a battery side of a negative bus which is coupled to the battery pack;

digitally sampling a divided voltage using an auxiliary input of the battery monitoring IC;

transmitting a digital sample to the main microprocessor via the isolated serial data link; and

evaluating the digital sample to determine an open or closed state of the positive contactor switch.

8. The method of claim 7 further comprising:

selectably coupling a second voltage divider between a voltage supply terminal of the IC and a load side of a negative contactor switch;

digitally sampling a second divided voltage using a second auxiliary input of the IC;

transmitting a second digital sample to the main microprocessor via the isolated serial data link;

evaluating the second digital sample to determine an open or closed state of the negative contactor switch.

9. An electric vehicle system, comprising:

a multi-cell battery pack providing a main battery voltage between a positive bus and a negative bus;

a first contactor switch selectably coupling the positive bus to a load;

a main microcontroller monitoring performance of the battery pack and contactor switches, the main microcontroller being coupled to a chassis ground and being digitally isolated from the positive and negative busses;

a battery monitoring IC connected to the battery pack to measure respective voltages of cells in the battery pack, wherein the battery monitoring IC has an isolated serial data link to the main microcontroller to report the measured voltages, and wherein the battery monitoring IC further includes a plurality of auxiliary A/D inputs and an auxiliary output terminal selectably providing a drive signal;

an evaluation switch having an input, an output, and a control terminal, wherein the input is connected to a junction between the first contactor switch and the load, and wherein the control terminal is coupled to the auxiliary output terminal so that the evaluation switch is activated in response to a command received from the main microcontroller over the serial data link; and

a voltage divider coupled between the output of the evaluation switch and the negative bus and providing a divided voltage output to one of the auxiliary A/D inputs;

wherein the battery monitoring IC transmits a digital value representative of a voltage at the junction between the first contactor switch and the load.

10. The system of claim 9 wherein the voltage divider is comprised of a high side resistor coupled in series with a low side resistor, wherein a junction between the resistors provides the divided voltage output, and wherein the system further comprises a reverse voltage blocking diode coupled between the evaluation switch and the high side resistor.

11. The system of claim 10 further comprising a filter coupled between the auxiliary A/D input and the junction between the high side and low side resistors.