Pre-processing SAR image stream to facilitate compression for transport on bandwidth-limited-link

• US 9,146,312 B1
• Filed: 05/25/2011
• Issued: 09/29/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 05/25/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia LLC (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Sandia Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Rush, Bobby G., Riley, Robert
• Primary Examiner(s): Holder, Anner
• Assistant Examiner(s): Itskovich, Mikhail
• Application Number:
  US13/115,654
• Time in Patent Office: 1,588 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/9004 SAR image acquisition techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/003 Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/295 Means for transforming co-ordinates or for evaluating data, e.g. using computers

Abstract

Pre-processing is applied to a raw VideoSAR (or similar near-video rate) product to transform the image frame sequence into a product that resembles more closely the type of product for which conventional video codecs are designed, while sufficiently maintaining utility and visual quality of the product delivered by the codec.

Claims

1. An apparatus for processing a sequence of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image frames to facilitate compression of the sequence for transmission on a communication link, the apparatus configured to perform a plurality of acts, the plurality of acts comprising:

receiving, at the apparatus, an input sequence of input SAR image frames that each contain scene content represented as a corresponding array of pixel intensity values, wherein the apparatus is located on an aircraft;

processing, at the apparatus, each of a plurality of said input SAR image frames to produce from said input sequence a plurality of processed image frames in an output sequence that is to be viewed at a viewing frame rate, the processing includes;

cropping at least one image in the plurality of said input SAR images to equalize range and azimuth extents across the plurality of said input SAR images; and

rotating at least one image in the plurality of said input SAR images to a rotational orientation that is shared with at least one other image in the plurality of said input SAR images, the rotational orientation being relative to a center of a scene captured in the plurality of said input SAR image frames; and

performing inter-frame compression over the processed image frames to generate a compressed video stream; and

transmitting the compressed video stream on a communication link between an airborne processing platform which includes the apparatus and a remotely located ground-station.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein processing each of a plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

cropping a portion of at least one image in the plurality of said SAR image frames, wherein the cropped portion is to be displayed at full resolution, while an uncropped portion is to be displayed at a lower resolution than the cropped portion.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said input SAR image frames are 32-bit representations of complex images, and wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

transforming the 32-bit representations of the complex images into UINT16 representations of intensity images.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

applying a speckle filter to each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames to reduce pixel-to-pixel intensity variation in each of the plurality of said input SAR images, wherein output from the speckle filter is a plurality of filtered images.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein applying the speckle filter modifies overall average intensity of the plurality of said input SAR image frames, and wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

increasing a mean intensity of the plurality of the plurality of filtered images subsequent to the speckle filter being applied to each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

adjusting contrast in each image in the plurality of filtered images.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

projecting each image in the plurality of said input SAR images to a common horizontal ground plane to enable cropping of the at least one image in the plurality of said input SAR images relative to another image in the plurality of said input SAR images to equalize range and azimuth extents across the plurality of said input SAR images.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotational orientation being relative to a center of a scene captured in plurality of said input SAR image frames.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

subsequent to rotating the at least one image in the plurality of said input SAR images, processing the plurality of said input SAR images to remove scene and terrain motion therein.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising receiving information for each of the SAR images in the plurality of said input SAR image frames, wherein the information comprises at least one of a number of range pixels, a number of azimuth pixels, an ordering an image matrix comprising each of the SAR images, range pixel size in a slant plane, azimuth pixel size, scene grazing angle, scene frame orientation angle, time stamp of aperture center, sequencing of the said SAR images, and information to enable transformation of a complex image to an intensity image.

2. A method of processing a sequence of SAR image frames to facilitate compression of the sequence for transmission on a communication link, the method comprising:

receiving an input sequence of input SAR image frames that each contain scene content represented as a corresponding array of pixel intensity values;

processing each of a plurality of said input SAR image frames to produce from said input sequence a product comprising a plurality of processed image frames in an output sequence that is to be viewed at a viewing frame rate, the processing includes;

cropping at least one image in the plurality of said input SAR images to equalize range and azimuth extents across the plurality of said input SAR images; and

rotating at least one image in the plurality of said input SAR images to a rotational orientation that is shared with at least one other image in the plurality of said input SAR images, the rotational orientation being relative to a center of a scene captured in the plurality of said input SAR image frames; and

;

performing inter-frame compression on the product to generate a compressed video stream; and

responsive to performing the inter-frame compression, transmitting the compressed video stream on a communication link between an airborne processing platform which includes the apparatus and a remotely located ground-station.

11. The method of claim 2, wherein processing each of a plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

cropping a portion of at least one of said SAR image frames, wherein the cropped portion is to be displayed at full resolution, while an uncropped portion is to be displayed at a lower resolution than the cropped portion.

12. The method of claim 2, wherein said input SAR image frames are 32-bit representations of complex images, and wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

transforming the 32-bit representations of the complex images into UINT16 representations of intensity images.

13. The method of claim 2, wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

applying a speckle filter to each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames to reduce pixel-to-pixel intensity variation in each of the plurality of said input SAR images, wherein output from the speckle filter is a plurality of filtered images.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein applying the speckle filter modifies overall average intensity of the plurality of said input SAR image frames, and wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

increasing a mean intensity of the plurality of the plurality of filtered images subsequent to the speckle filter being applied to each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

adjusting contrast in each image in the plurality of filtered images.

16. The method of claim 2, wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

projecting each image in the plurality of said input SAR images to a common horizontal ground plane to enable cropping of the at least one image in the plurality of said input SAR images relative to another image in the plurality of said input SAR images to equalize range and azimuth extents across the plurality of said input SAR images.

17. The method of claim 2, wherein the rotational orientation being relative to a center of a scene captured in plurality of said input SAR image frames.

18. The method of claim 2, wherein processing each of the plurality of said input SAR image frames further comprises:

subsequent to rotating the at least one image in the plurality of said input SAR images, processing the plurality of said input SAR images to remove scene and terrain motion therein.

20. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving information for each of the SAR images in the plurality of said input SAR image frames, wherein the information comprises at least one of a number of range pixels, a number of azimuth pixels, an ordering an image matrix comprising each of the SAR images, range pixel size in a slant plane, azimuth pixel size, scene grazing angle, scene frame orientation angle, time stamp of aperture center, sequencing of the said SAR images, and information to enable transformation of a complex image to an intensity image.