High energy density redox flow device
First Claim
1. An energy storage system comprising:
- a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode current collector, and an ion-permeable membrane separating the positive current collector and the negative current collector;
a positive electrode disposed between the positive electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane;
the positive electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane defining a positive electroactive zone accommodating the positive electrode; and
a negative electrode disposed between the negative electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane;
the negative electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane defining a negative electroactive zone accommodating the negative electrode;
wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes a semi-solid composition comprising ion storage compound particles capable of taking up or releasing said ions during operation of the cell, andwherein the ion storage compound particles have a polydisperse size distribution in which the finest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume, is at least a factor of 5 smaller than the largest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Redox flow devices are described including a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode current collector, and an ion-permeable membrane separating said positive and negative current collectors, positioned and arranged to define a positive electroactive zone and a negative electroactive zone; wherein at least one of said positive and negative electroactive zone comprises a flowable semi-solid composition comprising ion storage compound particles capable of taking up or releasing said ions during operation of the cell, and wherein the ion storage compound particles have a polydisperse size distribution in which the finest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume, is at least a factor of 5 smaller than the largest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume.
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Citations
33 Claims
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1. An energy storage system comprising:
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a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode current collector, and an ion-permeable membrane separating the positive current collector and the negative current collector; a positive electrode disposed between the positive electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane;
the positive electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane defining a positive electroactive zone accommodating the positive electrode; anda negative electrode disposed between the negative electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane;
the negative electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane defining a negative electroactive zone accommodating the negative electrode;wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes a semi-solid composition comprising ion storage compound particles capable of taking up or releasing said ions during operation of the cell, and wherein the ion storage compound particles have a polydisperse size distribution in which the finest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume, is at least a factor of 5 smaller than the largest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. A system comprising:
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(a) an energy storage system comprising; a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode current collector, and an ion-permeable membrane separating the positive current collector and the negative current collector a positive electrode disposed between the positive electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane;
the positive electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane defining a positive electroactive zone accommodating the positive electrode; anda negative electrode disposed between the negative electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane;
the negative electrode current collector and the ion-permeable membrane defining a negative electroactive zone accommodating the negative electrode;wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes a semi-solid composition comprising ion storage compound particles capable of taking up or releasing said ions during operation of the cell, and wherein the ion storage compound particles have a polydisperse size distribution in which the finest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume, is at least a factor of 5 smaller than the largest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume; and (b) at least one container external to the energy storage system for delivering the semi-solid composition into the electroactive zone.
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24. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
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a semi-solid electrode including a suspension of ion storage compound particles in a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, the ion storage compound particles capable of taking up or releasing said ions during operation of the cell, and wherein the ion storage compound particles have a polydisperse size distribution in which the finest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume, is at least a factor of 5 smaller than the largest particles present in at least 5 vol % of the total volume. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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Specification