Reflection detection type measurement apparatus for skin autofluorescence

• US 9,155,473 B2
• Filed: 03/18/2013
• Issued: 10/13/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 03/21/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute
• Original Assignee: Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute
• Inventors: Kang, Uk, Papayan, Garry V
• Primary Examiner(s): Cattungal, Sanjay
• Application Number:
  US13/845,792
• Publication Number:
  US 20130253338A1
• Time in Patent Office: 939 Days
• Field of Search: 600473-480
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0071 by measuring fluorescence emission
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14546 for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters

Abstract

The present invention provides a reflection detection type measurement apparatus for skin fluorescence, which is configured to perform light irradiation and light detection on a reference sample and a measurement target.

Claims

1. A reflection detection type measurement apparatus for measuring skin fluorescence, which is configured to perform light irradiation and light detection on a measurement target, the apparatus comprising:

a first light source for irradiating a first light on the measurement target;

a second light source for irradiating a second light, which has a same wavelength range as a first reflected light reflected from the measurement target upon irradiating the first light;

a first optical detector for detecting the first reflected light;

a second optical detector for detecting a skin fluorescence generated by the measurement target upon irradiating the first light and a second reflected light reflected from the measurement target upon irradiating the second light;

a light source switching controller for controlling turning on/off of the first light source and the second light source; and

an operator for calculating an intensity skin fluorescence signal by correcting a signal based on the skin fluorescence and the reflected light detected by the first optical detector and the second optical detector.

2. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

an optical prism configured to transmit the excitation light irradiated from the light source to the measurement target and transmit the skin fluorescence signal to the optical detector, wherein the optical prism has a lower surface connected to the measurement target and two or more upper surfaces over which the light source and the optical detector are disposed.

3. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 2, further comprising an optical connector disposed under the lower surface of the optical prism and contacting the measurement target.

4. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 3, wherein the optical connector comprises a connection layer formed of a liquid material or an elastic material between the optical prism and the measurement target.

5. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 2, wherein the optical prism comprises two inclination surfaces and a lower surface adjacent to the measurement target, and is a triangular prism having a triangular section.

6. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 5, wherein the first light source and the second light source are disposed over one upper inclination surface of the optical prism, and the first optical detector and the second optical detector are disposed over the other upper inclination surface of the optical prism.

7. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 2, wherein the optical prism comprises two upper inclination surfaces, an upper surface connected to the two upper inclination surfaces, and a lower surface adjacent to the measurement target, and is a trapezoidal prism having a trapezoidal section.

8. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first light source and the second light source are disposed over one upper inclination surface of the optical prism, and the first optical detector and the second optical detector are disposed over the other upper inclination surface of the optical prism.

9. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first light source and the second light source are disposed over one upper inclination surface and the other upper inclination surface of the optical prism, respectively, and the first optical detector and the second optical detector are disposed over the upper surface of the optical prism.

10. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first optical detector and the second optical detector are disposed over one upper inclination surface and the other upper inclination surface of the optical prism, respectively, and the first light source and the second light source are disposed over the upper surface of the optical prism.

11. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 2, wherein the optical prism comprises four upper inclination surfaces, an upper surface connected to the four upper inclination surfaces, and a lower surface adjacent to the measurement target, and is a frustum of a quadrangular pyramid having a trapezoidal section.

12. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first light source and the second light source are disposed over two upper inclination surfaces of the optical prism, respectively, and the first optical detector and the second optical detector are disposed over the other upper inclination surfaces of the optical prism, respectively.

13. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first light source and the second light source are disposed over the two upper inclination surfaces that are opposite to each other, and the first optical detector and the second optical detector are disposed over the other upper inclination surfaces that are opposite to each other.

14. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a polarizer and a cross polarizer are disposed between the optical prism and the light source and between the optical prism and the optical detector, respectively.

15. The reflection detection type pyramidal measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pyramidal holder having four side surfaces and one bottom surface, wherein the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector are disposed in one of the four side surfaces, respectively.

16. The reflection detection type pyramidal measurement apparatus of claim 15, wherein the pyramidal holder has a through-hole in the four side surfaces, respectively, and the through-hole is configured to communicate with an opening formed in the bottom surface of the pyramidal holder to allow the first and second light sources and the first and second optical detectors to perform optical irradiation and optical detection through the through-hole, respectively.

17. The reflection detection type pyramidal measurement apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first light source and the second light source are mounted in two side surfaces of the pyramidal holder opposite to each other, respectively, and the first optical detector and the second optical detector are mounted in the other two side surfaces of the pyramidal holder opposite to each other, respectively.

18. The reflection detection type pyramidal measurement apparatus of claim 16, wherein the pyramidal holder comprises four side plates covering the through-holes in the four side surfaces, and the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector are disposed on the side plates so as to face the through-hole, respectively.

19. The reflection detection type pyramidal measurement apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a polarizer at an inner side of the first and second light sources in the through-hole and a cross polarizer at an inner side of the first and second light sources in the through-hole, respectively.

20. The reflection detection type pyramidal measurement apparatus of claim 19, further comprising an optical filter at an inner side of the optical detector and the cross polarizer in the through-hole.

21. The reflection detection type pyramidal measurement apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a bottom plate disposed under the bottom surface of the pyramidal holder and having an opening at a center thereof and a window fixed in the opening of the bottom plate.

22. The reflection detection type pyramidal measurement apparatus of claim 21, further comprising an optical connector disposed under the window so as to be contactable with a measurement target.

23. The reflection detection type pyramidal measurement apparatus of claim 22, wherein the optical connector comprises a connection layer formed of a liquid material or an elastic material.

24. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 15, further comprising an optical attenuation filter at the front of the second light source and the first optical detector, respectively.

25. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light source switching controller controls the first light source and the second light source such that turning-on states of the first light source and the second light source are separated from each other in time.

26. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 25, wherein the switching controller is configured to detect the fluorescence signal and the reflected light signal from the first light source and the reflected light signal from the second light source while continuously repeating a process of sequentially turning on and off the first light source and the second light source.

27. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 2, wherein the measurement target and the reference sample are selectively located on optical paths of the first light source and the second light source.

28. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first light source irradiates light with a wavelength of 370±

20 nm.

29. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second light source irradiates light with a wavelength of 440±

20 nm.

30. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switching controller controls all the first light source and the second light source to be turned off before turning on each of the light sources.

31. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 30, wherein when the switching controller turns off all the first light source and the second light source, the first optical detector and the second optical detector measure dark signals, and the operator stores the measured dark signals and compensate for the fluorescence signal and the reflected light signal detected from the stored dark signals.

32. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switching controller controls the first light source and the second light source to repeat turning on/off at a period of about 10 Hz to about 100 Hz.

33. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an optical detector switching controller for controlling turning on/off of the first optical detector and the second optical detector.

34. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, comprising:

a measurement scanner comprising the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector; and

a main body electrically connected to the measurement scanner and comprising the operator, wherein an optical sensor is detachable from the main body.

35. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 34, wherein the measurement scanner is formed in a hand-grippable form, and comprises the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector disposed at one end portion thereof.

36. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 34, wherein the measurement scanner comprises a memory for storing detected data.

37. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 34, wherein the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector are disposed so as to perform the light irradiation and the light detection from the same location.

38. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 34, wherein the main body comprises a mounting part in which the measurement scanner is mounted, and the measurement scanner is configured to be removable from the mounting part.

39. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 38, wherein the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector are disposed at one end portion of the measurement scanner, and the mounting part has an aperture structure formed therein and having a shape matching a shape of the one end portion of the measurement scanner.

40. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 39, wherein the aperture structure of the mounting part is configured such that the reference sample is optically connected to the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector of the measurement scanner.

41. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 40, wherein when the measurement scanner is mounted in the mounting part, the main body performs measurement on the reference sample, and receives detection data of the measurement target and the reference sample stored in the measurement scanner to allow the operator to calculate the corrected skin fluorescence signal.

42. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 38, wherein the mount part comprises a charging terminal for the measurement scanner, and allows the measurement scanner to be charged when the measurement scanner is mounted in the mounting part.

43. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 34, wherein the main body further comprises a display part, and the display part outputs the corrected skin fluorescence signal calculated in the operator.

44. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, comprising:

a measurement scanner comprising the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector; and

a main body electrically connected to the measurement scanner and comprising the operator, wherein the optical sensor is detachable from the main body;

wherein in the measurement scanner, the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector are vertically disposed parallel to each other such that light irradiation and light detection is vertically performed on the measurement target.

45. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, comprising:

a measurement scanner comprising the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector; and

a main body electrically connected to the measurement scanner and comprising the operator, wherein the optical sensor is detachable from the main body;

wherein in the measurement scanner, the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector are obliquely disposed to be inclined to each other at certain angles such that light irradiation and light detection is obliquely performed on the measurement target.

46. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 45, wherein the first light source and the first optical, and the second light source and the second optical detector are all obliquely disposed at an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to the bottom surface of the pyramidal holder.

47. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, comprising:

a measurement scanner comprising the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector; and

a main body electrically connected to the measurement scanner and comprising the operator,

wherein the optical sensor is detachable from the main body;

wherein the measurement scanner comprises a pair of polarizers and a pair of cross-polarizers disposed thereon.

48. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, comprising:

a measurement scanner comprising the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector; and

a main body electrically connected to the measurement scanner and comprising the operator,

wherein the optical sensor is detachable from the main body;

wherein the first light source and the second light source are connected to an end of a measurement target side of the measurement scanner via a light guide.

49. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, comprising:

a measurement scanner comprising the first light source, the second light source, the first optical detector, and the second optical detector; and

a main body electrically connected to the measurement scanner and comprising the operator,

wherein the optical sensor is detachable from the main body;

wherein the first optical detector and the second optical detector are connected to an end of a measurement target side of the measurement scanner via a light guide.

50. The reflection detection type measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the operator calculates a skin fluorescence value corrected by the following equation:

AFcorr=K[I(λ

2,t1)/I0(λ

2,t1)]/{[R(λ

1)]k1[R(λ

2)]}k2

(here, R(λ

1)=I(λ

1,t1)/I0(λ

1,t1);

Diffuse reflection coefficient in excitation wavelength;

R(λ

2)=I(λ

2,t2)/I0(λ

2,t2);

Diffuse reflection coefficient in emission wavelength;

I(λ

2,t1);

Inherent fluorescence (skin fluorescence) signal value of skin tissue;

I(λ

1,t1);

Reflected light signal value of skin tissue in excitation light wavelength;

I(λ

2,t2);

Reflected light signal value of skin tissue in emission light wavelength;

k1, k2;

Exponents of correction function with respect to excitation light and emission light wavelength;

I0(λ

2,t1);

Inherent fluorescence signal value of reference sample;

I0(λ

1,t1);

Reflected light signal value of reference sample in excitation light wavelength; and

I0(λ

2,t2);

Reflected light signal value of reference sample in emission light wavelength),

K;

Ratio coefficient that considers the features of the used reference samples.