Methods and vehicle systems for selectively using energy obtained from a solar subsystem

• US 9,156,359 B2
• Filed: 09/28/2012
• Issued: 10/13/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 09/28/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Atluri, Venkata Prasad, Rubbo, Michael Gerard, Laws, Larry D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Algahaim, Helal A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hilgendorf, Dale W
• Application Number:
  US13/630,150
• Publication Number:
  US 20140095018A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,110 Days
• Field of Search: 701/22, 701/36, 701/123
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/00 Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles circuit arrangements for charging batteries H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/14 Boost converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/40 DC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/662 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/52 characterised by DC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/13 Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 8/003 Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 11/01 electric
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 : Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an automobile electrical system including a solar subsystem. Components collect and store solar energy in an advanced energy storage subsystem including a base portion and, in some embodiments, a solar-energy buffer. The components use the solar energy selectively to meet vehicle loads, including selectively using one or more of: energy obtained directly from the solar subsystem; energy from the advanced energy storage system; and energy from a high-voltage energy converter such as an alternator or accessory power module.

Claims

1. A non-transitory computer-readable storage device comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, for controlling a vehicle electrical system including (a) a solar subsystem and (b) a low-voltage advanced energy storage subsystem (AESS) having (i) a base portion for storing and providing base power to satisfy electrical loads of the vehicle and (ii) a solar buffer for storing and providing supplemental power to satisfy the electrical loads, the operations comprising:

determining whether an amount of solar power, being output by the solar subsystem, is greater than a predetermined solar-power value;

operating, if the solar power is greater than the predetermined solar-power value and the vehicle is turned on, the vehicle electrical system in a light-drive mode, including using the solar power selectively to charge the AESS to a full level of the base portion, maintain a charge of the AESS at the full level of the base portion, or satisfy electrical loads of the vehicle;

operating, if the solar power is not greater than the predetermined solar-power value and the vehicle is turned on, the vehicle electrical system in a dark-drive mode, including using the solar power selectively to charge the AESS to, or maintain the charge of the AESS at, the full level of the base portion;

operating, if the solar power is greater than the predetermined solar-power value and the vehicle is turned off, the vehicle electrical system in a light-rest mode, including using the solar power selectively to charge the AESS, or maintain the charge of the AESS above, the full level of the base portion and the solar buffer; and

operating, if the solar power is not greater than the predetermined solar power value and the vehicle is turned off, the vehicle electrical system in a dark-rest mode.

2. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein:

the determining is performed in a first determination operation; and

operating the electrical system in the light-drive mode, including using the solar power selectively to charge the AESS to the full level of the base portion, maintain the charge of the AESS at the full level of the base portion, or provide electrical energy to satisfy the electrical loads, comprises;

determining, in a second determination operation, an appropriate output voltage for a solar DC-to-DC converter (solar DDC) of the electrical system to be greater than a present setting of a high-voltage energy converter (HVEC) of the electrical system;

initiating setting of the solar DDC to effect output from the solar DDC of the output voltage determined to the AESS;

determining whether a state-of charge (SOC) of the AESS is less than the full level of the base portion;

setting, if it is determined that the AESS SOC is not less than the full level of the base portion, the HVEC of the electrical system to a first voltage set point causing (A) satisfaction of vehicle electrical loads with power from the AESS and/or (B) maintenance of the AESS SOC at about the full level of the base portion; and

if it is determined that the AESS SOC is less than the full level of the base portion;

setting the HVEC of the electrical system to a second voltage set point causing charging of the AESS via the HVEC; and

returning to the first determination operation.

3. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein:

the determining is a first determining operation; and

operating the electrical system in the dark-drive mode, including using the solar power selectively to charge the AESS to, or maintain the charge of the AESS at, the full level of the base portion, comprises determining, in a second determining operation, whether a state-of charge (SOC) of the AESS is less than the full level of the base portion of the AESS.

4. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 3, wherein operating the electrical system in the dark-drive mode, including using the solar power selectively to charge the AESS to, or maintain the charge of the AESS at, the full level of the base portion, comprises:

setting, if the state-of charge (SOC) of the AESS is less than the full level of the base portion, a buck/boost device (BBD) of the electrical system causing charging of the AESS with current from a high-voltage energy converter (HVEC) until the SOC reaches the full level of the base portion; and

setting, if the state-of charge (SOC) of the AESS is not less than the full level of the base portion, the BBD causing satisfaction of electrical vehicle loads using power from the AESS until the solar buffer of the AESS is depleted.

5. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 3, wherein:

operating the electrical system in the dark-drive mode, including using the solar power selectively to charge the AESS to, or maintain the charge of the AESS at, the full level of the base portion, comprises;

determining, in a third determining operation, whether a buck/boost device (BBD) is present; and

initiating, if the BBD is not present, a normal operation mode for the electrical system wherein system voltage is raised to meet electrical loads and the AESS is charged; and

the second determining operation is performed if it is determined that the BBD is present.

6. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 3, wherein operating the electrical system in the dark-drive mode, including using the solar power selectively to charge the AESS to, or maintain the charge of the AESS at, the full level of the base portion, comprises:

setting, if the state-of charge (SOC) of the AESS is less than the full level of the base portion, a high-voltage energy converter (HVEC) of the electrical system to a second voltage set point to cause charging of the AESS via the HVEC; and

returning to the second determining operation.

7. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 3, wherein operating the electrical system in the dark-drive mode, including using the solar power selectively to charge the AESS to, or maintain the charge of the AESS at, the full level of the base portion, comprises performing if the state-of charge (SOC) of the AESS is not less than the full level of the base portion activating, further operations comprising:

setting a buck/boost device of the electrical system to boost AESS voltage for meeting electrical system loads using power from the AESS; and

setting a high-voltage energy converter (HVEC) of the electrical system to a first voltage set point causing (A) satisfaction of vehicle electrical loads with power from the AESS and/or (B) maintenance of the AESS SOC at about the full level of the base portion.

8. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein:

the determining is performed in a determining operation; and

operating the electrical system in the dark-rest mode comprises returning to the determining operation.

9. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein operating the electrical system in the dark-rest mode comprises setting a solar DC-to-DC converter (solar DDC) to a sleep mode.

10. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein:

the determining is a first determining operation;

operating the electrical system in the light-rest mode, including using the solar power selectively to charge the AESS to, or maintain a charge of the AESS above, the full level of the base portion and the solar buffer, comprises;

determining, in a second determining operation, whether the AESS, including the base portion and the solar buffer, is at full state-of-charge (SOC);

if it is determined that the AESS is not at full SOC;

sending, to a solar DC-to-DC converter (DDC) of the electrical system, a boost signal instructing the solar DDC to enter a boost state to boost voltage output of the solar subsystem thereby charging the AESS when there is an electrical system load need; and

returning to the second determination operation; and

affecting, if it is determined that the AESS is at full SOC, the electrical system to maintain the AESS at full state-of-charge (SOC) by causing a maintenance charging current is provided to the AESS from the solar DDC.

11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein operating the electrical system in the light-rest mode, including using the solar power selectively to charge the AESS to, or maintain a charge of the AESS above, the full level of the base portion and the solar buffer, comprises:

determining whether there is an electrical system load need;

if it is determined that there is an electrical system load need;

sending, to a solar DC-to-DC converter (DDC) of the electrical system, a boost signal instructing the solar DDC to enter a boost state to boost voltage output of the solar subsystem thereby charging the AESS until the base portion and solar buffer are fully charged or a voltage level of the AESS is higher than a voltage level of HVEC; and

affecting the electrical system to maintain the AESS at full state-of charge (SOC) by causing a maintenance charging current is provided to the AESS from the solar DDC;

determining, if it is determined that there is not an electrical system load need, whether a load power required by the electrical load is greater than a solar power being output by the solar subsystem;

sending the boost signal if it is determined that the load power is greater than the solar power; and

if it is determined that the load power is not greater than the solar power;

initiating satisfying the electrical load using the solar power from the solar subsystem; and

initiating charging the AESS using any solar power leftover after the electrical load is satisfied.

12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 1, wherein:

the base portion of the AESS, when fully charged, has electrical capacity sufficient alone to satisfy all low-voltage electrical loads of the vehicle;

the solar buffer is an additional portion of the AESS to provide additional capacity for storing solar power at the AESS in addition to power stored at the base portion of the AESS;

power is only provided to the solar buffer if the base portion is full; and

power is only taken from the base portion if the solar buffer is depleted.

13. A vehicle system comprising:

a low-voltage advanced energy storage subsystem (AESS) including;

a base portion that, when fully charged, has electrical capacity sufficient to satisfy all low-voltage electrical loads of the vehicle; and

a solar buffer as an additional portion of the AESS to provide additional capacity for storing power at the AESS as supplemental power in addition to power stored at the base portion of the AESS;

wherein, in operation of the system;

power is provided only to the base portion until the base portion is full, and then power is provided only to the solar buffer; and

power is taken only from the solar buffer until the solar buffer is depleted, and then power is taken only from the base portion;

a solar subsystem, connected electrically to the AESS and configured to generate the solar power using solar energy; and

a high-voltage energy converter (HVEC), connected electrically to a high voltage energy source (HVES) and configured to generate high-voltage power which is subsequently converted to a converted low-voltage power for use in the system.

14. The vehicle system of claim 13, further comprising a computer-readable storage medium having non-transitory computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to control operation of the system by setting selectively at least (a) a solar DC-to-DC converter (solar DDC) connected electrically to the solar subsystem, the AESS, and the low-voltage electrical loads, and (b) a buck/boost device connected electrically to the HVEC, the AESS, and the low-voltage electrical loads.

15. The vehicle system of claim 13, further comprising:

a solar DC-to-DC converter (solar DDC) connected electrically to the solar subsystem, the AESS, and the low-voltage electrical loads; and

a computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to set selectively a power switch component to control output of the solar DDC to provide energy selectively to at least one recipient selected from a group consisting of;

the low-voltage electrical loads, the base portion of the AESS, and the solar buffer of the AESS.

16. The vehicle system of claim 13, further comprising a computer-readable storage medium having non-transitory computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform an operation of selectively controlling whether the low-voltage vehicle loads are satisfied by (a) the solar power directly from the solar subsystem, (b) the supplemental power, (c) the converted low-voltage power, (d) a combination of two of (a)-(c), simultaneously, or (e) all three (a)-(c), simultaneously.

17. The vehicle system of claim 16, wherein satisfying the low-voltage vehicle loads using the combination of two of items (a)-(c) comprises satisfying the loads using items (b) and (c), whereby the supplemental power of the solar buffer is used decreasingly to satisfy the vehicle loads and the converted low-voltage power is used increasingly to satisfy the vehicle loads until the solar buffer is depleted.

18. The vehicle system of claim 13, further comprising a physical separation between the base portion of the AESS and the solar buffer of the AESS.

19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage device comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, for controlling a vehicle electrical system including (a) a solar subsystem and (b) a low-voltage advanced energy storage subsystem (AESS) including a base portion and a solar buffer for storing power and providing power to satisfy electrical loads of the vehicle and, the operations comprising:

determining, in a first determination operation, whether an amount of solar power, being output by the solar subsystem, is greater than a predetermined solar-power value;

setting, if the amount of solar power is not greater than the predetermined solar power value, a solar DC-to-DC converter (solar DDC) to a sleep mode and returning to the first determining operation;

initiating, if the amount of solar power is not greater than the predetermined solar power value and the vehicle is in a drive mode, a dark-drive mode comprising;

determining, in a second determination operation, an appropriate output voltage for the solar DDC; and

setting the solar DDC to effect output from the solar DDC to the AESS of the appropriate output voltage determined in order to charge the AESS to, or maintain a charge of the AESS at, a full level of the base portion;

affecting, if the amount of solar power is greater than the predetermined solar-power value and the vehicle is not in the drive mode, the electrical system to maintain the AESS at full state-of-charge (SOC) by causing a maintenance charging current is provided to the AESS from the solar DDC; and

initiating, if the amount of solar power is greater than the predetermined solar-power value and the vehicle is in the drive mode, a light-drive mode comprising;

determining, in a third determination operation, an appropriate output voltage for the solar DDC of the electrical system to be greater than a present setting of a high-voltage energy converter (HVEC) of the electrical system; and

setting the solar DDC to effect output from the solar DDC to the AESS of the appropriate output voltage determined in order to charge the AESS to, or maintain the charge of the AESS at, the full level of the base portion.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage device of claim 19, wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the light-drive mode, cause the processor to perform the operations further comprising:

obtaining the present setting of the HVEC from the HVEC or a controller associated with the HVEC; and

setting the solar DDC to maximize transfer of energy from the solar DDC to the electrical loads of the vehicle.