Burst-mode control method for low input power consumption in resonant converters and related control device

• US 9,160,236 B2
• Filed: 06/28/2013
• Issued: 10/13/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 07/16/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: STMicroelectronics International N.V. (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Original Assignee: STMicroelectronics SRL (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Inventors: Adragna, Claudio, Spini, Claudio, Novelli, Aldo Vittorio, Bognanni, Fabrizio
• Primary Examiner(s): Dole, Timothy J
• Assistant Examiner(s): AHMED, YUSEF A
• Application Number:
  US13/931,564
• Publication Number:
  US 20140016362A1
• Time in Patent Office: 837 Days
• Field of Search: 363 2101- 2118
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0035 using burst mode control
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33507 with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3376 with automatic control of output voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

An effective method enhances energy saving at low load in a resonant converter with a hysteretic control scheme for implementing burst-mode at light load. The method causes a current controlled oscillator of the converter to stop oscillating when a feedback control current of the output voltage of the converter reaches a first threshold value, and introduces a nonlinearity in the functional relation between the frequency of oscillation and said feedback control current or in a derivative of the functional relation, while the control current is between a lower, second threshold value and the first threshold value, such that the frequency of oscillation remains equal or smaller than the frequency of oscillation when the control current is equal to the second threshold value. Several circuital implementations are illustrated, all of simple realization without requiring any costly microcontroller.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

controlling burst-mode operation of a converter having an oscillator configured to set a switching frequency of on-off driven power switches of the converter in response to a feedback control signal based on an output error voltage of the converter;

operating the oscillator, when a load on the converter is light, relative to a maximum capacity of the converter, in a hysteretically controlled burst-mode including causing said oscillator to stop oscillating when said feedback control signal reaches a first threshold value; and

introducing a nonlinearity in a derivative of a functional relation between the switching frequency and said feedback control signal, while the feedback control signal is between a lower, second threshold value, and the first threshold value and the oscillator is not in the burst-mode, such that the switching frequency remains equal to or smaller than a value of the switching frequency when the feedback control signal is equal to the second threshold value.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein decreasing the switching frequency while the feedback control signal is between the second threshold value and the first threshold value is limited to within a tolerable output voltage ripple of the converter.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said feedback control signal is a current sunk by an opto-coupling device transferring a feedback control voltage, output by an error amplifier of a closed-loop negative feedback, across an isolation boundary of the converter.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein introducing the nonlinearity comprises maintaining the functional relation continuous and causing a discontinuity in the derivative of the functional relation.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein introducing the nonlinearity comprises producing a discontinuity in the functional relation between the switching frequency and the feedback control signal.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said introducing a nonlinearity includes producing discontinuities in the functional relation between the switching frequency and the feedback control signal and in the derivative of the functional relation.

7. A resonant converter, comprising:

an input voltage source node;

a ground terminal;

a totem-pole of power switches electrically coupled between the input voltage source node and the ground terminal and electrically coupled to each other by an intermediate node;

a resonant tank circuit electrically coupled to the intermediate node and including;

a capacitor, a first inductance, and a second inductance;

a transformer having a primary winding and a center-tap secondary that includes first and second windings;

first and second output diodes having respective anodes respective electrically coupled to the first and second windings and respective cathodes; and

a parallel circuit electrically coupled to the cathodes of the first and second output diodes and including an output capacitor and a resistance configured to flow an output current; and

an on-off driver circuit configured to drive said switches and including;

an oscillator configured to set a switching frequency of the resonant converter as a function of an output voltage feedback control signal, and

a hysteretic control circuit configured to implement a burst-mode at light load when said feedback control signal reaches a first threshold value, causing said oscillator to stop oscillating, said hysteretic control circuit being configured to introduce a nonlinearity in a derivative of a functional relation between the switching frequency and said feedback control signal when the feedback control signal exceeds a second, lower threshold value while the oscillator is not in the burst-mode, such that the switching frequency remains equal to or smaller than a value of the switching frequency when the feedback control signal is equal to the second threshold value.

8. The resonant converter of claim 7, further comprising:

an error amplifier of a closed-loop negative feedback, the error amplifier being configured to output a feedback control voltage; and

an opto-coupling device configured to sink a current as said output voltage feedback control signal and transfer the feedback control voltage across an isolation boundary of the resonant converter.

9. The resonant converter of claim 8, comprising a timing capacitor, wherein:

said oscillator comprises;

a dedicated input pin;

first and second current mirrors electrically coupled to the timing capacitor; and

a first clamp circuit coupling at least one of the first and second current mirrors to the dedicated input pin and configured to make a charge and/or discharge current of said timing capacitor proportional to a current sunk through said dedicated input pin, and

said hysteretic control circuit includes a second clamp circuit.

10. The resonant converter of claim 8, comprising a timing capacitor, wherein:

said current controlled oscillator comprises;

a dedicated input pin,

first and second current mirrors electrically coupled to the timing capacitor,

a first clamp circuit coupling at least one of the first and second current mirrors to the dedicated input pin and configured to make a charge and/or discharge current of said timing capacitor proportional to a current sunk through said dedicated input pin, and

a hysteresis switch configured to couple an input of the first clamp circuit alternately to first and second reference voltages; and

said hysteretic control circuit includes a comparator configured to compare a feedback voltage, based on the output voltage feedback control signal, with a threshold voltage, and control the hysteresis switch.

11. The resonant converter of claim 8, comprising a timing capacitor, wherein:

said oscillator comprises;

a dedicated input pin,

first and second current mirrors electrically coupled to the timing capacitor, and

a first clamp circuit coupling at least one of the first and second current mirrors to the dedicated input pin and configured to make a charge and/or discharge current of said timing capacitor proportional to a current sunk through said dedicated input pin, and

said hysteretic control circuit includes a comparator configured to modify a transfer ratio of at least one of said current mirrors.

12. The resonant converter of claim 7, wherein said hysteretic control circuit is configured to limit any decrement of the switching frequency occurring while the feedback control signal is between the second threshold value and the first threshold value to within a tolerable output voltage ripple of the resonant converter.

13. A method, comprising:

in a converter, providing a feedback signal at a magnitude that is inversely related to a power demand of the converter;

increasing a power output of the converter by decreasing a switching frequency of the converter and decreasing the power output of the converter by increasing the switching frequency;

controlling the switching frequency in direct, substantially linear relation to the magnitude of the feedback signal;

shifting the converter to an idle condition when the feedback signal exceeds a first threshold; and

introducing a nonlinearity into a derivative of the relation of the switching frequency and the magnitude of the feedback signal when the feedback signal exceeds a second threshold, lower than the first threshold, while the hysteretic control circuit is not in the burst-mode.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein introducing the nonlinearity comprises preventing the switching frequency from increasing while the feedback signal magnitude is above the first threshold.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein introducing the nonlinearity comprises holding the switching frequency at a constant value while the feedback current magnitude is between the first and second thresholds.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein introducing the nonlinearity comprises controlling the switching frequency in inverse relation to the magnitude of the feedback signal while the magnitude is between the first and second thresholds.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein introducing the nonlinearity comprises reducing the switching frequency sharply when the magnitude of the feedback signal increases across the second threshold.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein shifting the converter to an idle condition comprises shifting the converter from a burst condition to the idle condition when the feedback signal exceeds the first threshold, the method further comprising shifting the converter to the burst condition when, while the converter is in the idle condition, the feedback signal drops below a third threshold, lower than the first threshold.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second threshold is lower than the third threshold.

20. A device, comprising:

an oscillator having an input configured to receive a control signal and an output configured to provide a switching control signal at a frequency that is related to a value of the control signal; and

a burst mode control circuit configured to introduce a nonlinearity into a derivative of a relation of the switching control signal frequency and the control signal in response to detecting that the control signal is greater than a first threshold, and to shift the oscillator to a burst mode in response to detecting that the control signal is greater than a second threshold, higher than the first threshold, wherein the burst mode control circuit is configured to introduce the nonlinearity into the derivative of the relation of the switching control signal frequency and the control signal while the oscillator is not in the burst mode.

21. The device of claim 20, further comprising a resonant converter having first and second power switches configured to switch at a rate controlled by the switching control signal of the oscillator and a feedback circuit configured to control a value of the control signal according to a value of an error voltage at an output of the resonant converter.

22. The device of claim 21, wherein the oscillator is configured to provide the switching control signal at a frequency that is directly related to the value of the control signal, and the feedback circuit is configured to control the value of the control signal in inverse relation to the value of the error voltage.

23. The device of claim 20, wherein the burst mode control circuit is configured the prevent the frequency of the switching control signal from increasing while the control signal is greater than the first threshold.

24. A resonant converter, comprising:

an input voltage source node;

a ground terminal;

a totem-pole of power switches electrically coupled between the input voltage source node and the ground terminal and electrically coupled to each other by an intermediate node;

a resonant tank circuit electrically coupled to the intermediate node and including;

a capacitor, a first inductance, and a second inductance;

a transformer having a primary winding and a center-tap secondary that includes first and second windings;

first and second output diodes having respective anodes respective electrically coupled to the first and second windings and respective cathodes;

a parallel circuit electrically coupled to the cathodes of the first and second output diodes and including an output capacitor and a resistance configure to flow an output current;

an on-off driver circuit configured to drive said switches and including;

a timing capacitor;

an oscillator configured to set a switching frequency of the resonant converter as a function of an output voltage feedback control signal, the oscillator comprising;

a dedicated input pin,

first and second current mirrors electrically coupled to the timing capacitor,

a first clamp circuit coupling at least one of the first and second current mirrors to the dedicated input pin and configured to make a charge and/or discharge current of said timing capacitor proportional to a current sunk through said dedicated input pin, and

a hysteresis switch configured to couple an input of the first clamp circuit alternately to first and second reference voltages; and

a hysteretic control circuit configured to implement a burst-mode at light load when said feedback control signal reaches a first threshold value, causing said oscillator to stop oscillating, said hysteretic control circuit being configured to introduce a nonlinearity in a functional relation between the switching frequency and said feedback control signal or in a derivative of the functional relation when the feedback control signal exceeds a second, lower threshold value, such that the switching frequency remains equal to or smaller than a value of the switching frequency when the feedback control signal is equal to the second threshold value, said hysteretic control circuit includes a comparator configured to compare a feedback voltage, based on the output voltage feedback control signal, with a threshold voltage, and control the hysteresis switch;

an error amplifier of a closed-loop negative feedback, the error amplifier being configured to output a feedback control voltage; and

an opto-coupling device configured to sink a current as said output voltage feedback control signal and transfer the feedback control voltage across an isolation boundary of the resonant converter.