Linearization circuits and methods for multilevel power amplifier systems

• US 9,160,287 B2
• Filed: 10/28/2013
• Issued: 10/13/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 10/30/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ETA Devices, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: ETA Devices, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Briffa, Mark A., Dawson, Joel L., DeRoo, John E., Komoni, Krenar, Perreault, David J., Uyar, Oguzhan
• Primary Examiner(s): Choe, Henry
• Application Number:
  US14/064,572
• Publication Number:
  US 20140118065A1
• Time in Patent Office: 715 Days
• Field of Search: 330/136, 330/297, 330/296, 330/285
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/025 by using a signal derived from the input signal
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0277 Selecting one or more amplifiers from a plurality of amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3241 using predistortion circuits H03F1/3211, H03F1/3217 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3247 using feedback acting on predistortion circuits H03F1/3264 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/207 A hybrid coupler being used as power measuring circuit at the output of an amplifier circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/451 the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/511 Many discrete supply voltages or currents or voltage levels can be chosen by a control signal in an IC-block amplifier circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2201/3233 Adaptive predistortion using lookup table, e.g. memory, RAM, ROM, LUT, to generate the predistortion
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/19 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/193 with field-effect devices H03F3/195 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/195 in integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/217 Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/2175 using analogue-digital or digital-analogue conversion H03F3/2173 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/245 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/602 Combinations of several amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/68 Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics power amplifiers using a combination of several semiconductor amplifiers H03F3/211; combinations of amplifiers using coupling networks with distributed constants H03F3/602

Abstract

Circuits and methods for achieving high linearity, high efficiency power amplifiers, including digital predistortion (DPD) and pulse cancellation in switched-state RF power amplifier systems are described.

Claims

1. A system having an input and an RF output, the system comprising:

one or more RF amplifiers each having an RF input, an RE output, and a power supply input;

a voltage control unit coupled to provide a power supply voltage to the power supply input of at least one of the one or more RE amplifiers wherein the voltage control unit dynamically selects the power supply voltage from among a discrete set of operating states based in part upon one or more signal characteristics of a signal to be amplified; and

a linearization unit comprising a digital pre-distortion (DPD) unit coupled to at least one of the one ore more RF amplifiers for improving linearity of the system by digital predistortion of signals provided to the one or more RE amplifiers.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the linearization unit is indexed at least in part based upon one or more selected power supply levels or inputs.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising means for training the linearization unit in a manner that is indexed, at least in part, to the selected power supply level or input.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the voltage control unit is to dynamically select the power supply voltage to be applied to the power supply input of a first RF amplifier from among a discrete set of levels.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the voltage control unit is to dynamically select the power supply voltage for a first RF amplifier from among a discrete set of voltage levels for a first set of operating conditions and to provide continuous envelope tracking for the first RF amplifier for other operating conditions not included in the first set.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein disturbances in the RF output of the system owing to changes in the selection of the power supply input of at least one of the one or more RF amplifiers are compensated by a signal introduced via the RF input of one of the one or more RF amplifiers.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the system has first and second power amplifiers, and wherein disturbances in the RF output of the system owing to changes in the power supply input selection of the first power amplifier are compensated by a signal introduced via the RF input of the second power amplifier.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein the compensation signal is introduced as an additive component in a baseband signal for input to one of the one or more RF amplifiers.

9. The system of claim 6, wherein the compensation signal is introduced as a multiplicative factor applied to the digital data in a baseband signal for input to one of the one or more RF amplifiers.

10. The power amplifier of claim 6, wherein:

the time alignment of the selection of the power supply voltage from among different inputs or levels and the RF input provided to at least one of the one or more RF amplifiers is adjusted based upon the sensed RF output.

11. A power amplifier system having a data input and an RF output comprising:

One or more power amplifiers that are switched among a discrete set of operating states based at least in part upon data provided to the data input of the power amplifier system; and

A digital pre-distortion (DPD) system, coupled to at least one of the one or more power amplifiers, configured to adjust a time alignment between the switching of one or more power amplifiers among operating states and the application of a predistorted RF input signal to the at least one power amplifier based, at least in part, upon a sensed RF output signal of the power amplifier system.

12. The power amplifier system of claim 11, wherein the discrete set of operating states is determined at least in part by the selection of at least one drain bias voltage for at least one of the one or more power amplifiers, wherein the at least one drain bias voltage is selected from among multiple sources or levels.

13. The power amplifier system of claim 11, wherein:

the one or more power amplifiers corresponds to a plurality of power amplifiers, each of the plurality of power amplifiers having one or more operating states; and

the set of operating states for each of the plurality of power amplifiers is determined at least in part by the number of power amplifiers selected to provide power amplification.

14. The power amplifier system of claim 11, further comprising:

a pulse cancellation system, coupled to at least one of the one or more power amplifiers, wherein variations in an RF output signal at the RF output of the power amplifier system owing to switching among the discrete set of operating states is at least partly cancelled at the power amplifier output by a cancellation signal introduced via the RF input of at least one of the one or more power amplifiers.

15. The power amplifier system of claim 14, further comprising:

a coupler disposed to couple at least a portion of an RF output signal at the output of the power amplifier system; and

wherein the cancellation signal is determined at least in part from a signal coupled by the coupler.

16. The power amplifier system of claim 11, wherein:

the digital pre-distortion (DPD) system includes at least one digital to RF modulator to convert a predistorted, digital signal to an RF input signal for the at least one power amplifier.

17. The power amplifier system of claim 16, wherein:

the digital pre-distortion (DPD) system is configured to adjust a time alignment between the switching of one or more power amplifiers among operating states and the application of a predistorted RF input signal to the at least one power amplifier based, at least hi part, upon a sensed RF output signal of the power amplifier system.

18. The power amplifier system of claim 17, wherein the digital pre-distortion (DPD) system is configured to adjust the time alignment based, at least in part, on operating state.

19. The power amplifier system of claim 11, wherein there are multiple possible state transition points relative to signal level.

20. The power amplifier system of claim 11, wherein;

the power amplifier system is implemented as part of a transmitter; and

the digital predistortion system includes a predistortion training system that performs training based, at least in part, on samples of transmitted data.

21. The power amplifier system of claim 11, wherein:

the digital predistortion system includes a predistortion training system that performs training indexed by one or more of;

the selected state of the PA system, the duration since the last transition, and the signal level at the transition point.

22. The system of claim 11, wherein:

the digital predistortion system includes a predistortion training system that uses gated training data to exclude samples of data during transitions among the power supply levels.

23. A system having an input and an RP output, the system comprising:

one or more RF amplifiers each having an RF input, an RF output, and a power supply input;

a voltage control unit coupled to provide a power supply voltage to the power supply input of at least one of the one or more RF amplifiers wherein the voltage control unit dynamically selects the power supply voltage from among different inputs or levels based in part upon one or more signal characteristics of a signal to be amplified;

a linearization unit to improve the linearity of the system by predistorting the RF input to at least one of the one or more RF amplifiers; and

a first power amplifier and a second power amplifier, wherein disturbances in the RF output of the system owing to changes in the power supply input selection of the first power amplifier are compensated by a signal introduced via the RF input of the second power amplifier.

24. A system having an input and an RF output, the system comprising:

one or more RF amplifiers each having an RF input, an RF output, and a power supply input;

a voltage control unit coupled to provide a power supply voltage to the power supply input of at least one of the one or more RF amplifiers wherein the voltage control unit dynamically selects the power supply voltage from among different inputs or levels based in part upon one or more signal characteristics of a signal to be amplified; and

a digital pre-distortion (DPD) unit, coupled to at least one of the one or more RF amplifiers, configured to adjust a time alignment between the switching of one or more RF amplifiers among operating states and the application of a predistorted RF input signal to the one or more RF amplifiers based, at least in part, upon a sensed RF output signal of the system.