Methods for watermarking media data
First Claim
1. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
- dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples;
processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section;
grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections;
assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group;
assigning a watermark bit value to each group;
for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Methods are provided for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain. The methods involves: dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; for each group, assigning a nominal bit value according to a bit assignment rule, assigning a watermark bit value and comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value. If the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group where re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group.
57 Citations
36 Claims
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1. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 35)
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10. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category; wherein each group comprises a first section, a second section and a third section and wherein, for each category, the category bit assignment rule is based on a slope between the energy values of the first and second sections relative to a slope between the energy values of the second and third sections. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12)
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20. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises incrementally modifying at least one of the one or more energy values until satisfying a termination condition, the termination condition based on the one or more energy values of the one or more corresponding sections in the group; wherein the termination condition comprises a condition where re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group modified by an error margin δ
;wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises minimizing a sum of the changes to the one or more energy values while satisfying the termination condition.
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23. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein grouping the sections into groups comprises selecting groups such that each group comprises at least one section that is grouped into another group.
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24. A method for encoding watermark information into media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; assigning a watermark bit value to each group; for each group, comparing the watermark bit value to the nominal bit value and, if the nominal bit value and the watermark bit value of the watermark information bit do not match, modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group such that re-application of the bit assignment rule would assign the watermark bit value to the group; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category; wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises modifying the one or more energy values in the group in such a manner that re-application of the categorization rule to the group would categorize the group into a different category; wherein modifying one or more energy values of one or more corresponding sections in the group comprises modifying the one or more energy values in the group in such a manner that re-application of the category bit assignment rule to the group would assign a different bit value to the group but that re-application of the categorization rule to the group would categorize the group into the same category.
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26. A method for extracting watermark information from media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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obtaining multiple watermark estimates by; dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sub-series of digital samples; and obtaining a watermark estimate for each sub-series of digital samples by; dividing the sub-series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; and assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; and processing the multiple watermark estimates to obtain bit values for a single watermark estimates. - View Dependent Claims (27, 28)
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29. A method for extracting watermark information from media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; and assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group. - View Dependent Claims (30)
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31. A method for extracting watermark information from media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; and aligning the series of samples with an original version of the media data, wherein aligning the series of samples comprises adding zero samples to the series or removing samples from the series to translate the series in the sample domain; wherein assigning the nominal bit value to each group according to the bit assignment rule comprises; categorizing each group into one of a plurality of categories according to a categorization rule; and for each category, assigning a nominal zero bit value or a nominal one bit value to each group according to a unique category bit assignment rule associated with the category. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34)
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36. A method for determining whether watermark information is embedded in media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the method comprising:
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(1) extracting a watermark estimate from the media data according to a method according to an estimation method for extracting watermark information from media data containing a series of digital samples in a sample domain, the estimation method comprising; dividing the series of digital samples into a plurality of sections in the sample domain, each section comprising a corresponding plurality of samples; processing the corresponding plurality of samples in each section to obtain a single energy value associated with each section; grouping the sections into groups, each group containing three or more sections; and assigning a nominal bit value to each group according to a bit assignment rule, the bit assignment rule based on the energy values of the sections in the group; (2) comparing the extracted watermark estimate with the watermark information; and (3) if the extracted watermark estimate does not match the watermark information, shifting the media data in the sample domain and repeating steps (1) and (2); where shifting the media data in the sample domain comprises adding zero samples to the series or removing samples from the series to translate the series in the sample domain.
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Specification