Transmitter architecture and related methods

• US 9,166,536 B2
• Filed: 10/30/2012
• Issued: 10/20/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 10/30/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ETA Devices, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: ETA Devices, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Briffa, Mark A., Dawson, Joel L., DeRoo, John E., Komoni, Krenar, Perreault, David J., Uyar, Oguzhan
• Primary Examiner(s): TRAN, PABLO N
• Application Number:
  US13/663,878
• Publication Number:
  US 20140120854A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,085 Days
• Field of Search: 455/127.3, 455/91, 455/102, 455/103, 455/114.1, 455/115.1, 455/115.2, 455/118, 455/126, 455/127.1, 455/127.2, 455/127.4, 375/296, 375/297, 330/124.R, 330/127, 330/129, 330/149
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/02 Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0211 with control of the supply voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0216 Continuous control
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0227 using supply converters
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/171 A filter circuit coupled to the output of an amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/451 the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/504 the supply voltage or current being continuously controlled by a controlling signal, e.g. the controlling signal of a transistor implemented as variable resistor in a supply path for, an IC-block showed amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/511 Many discrete supply voltages or currents or voltage levels can be chosen by a control signal in an IC-block amplifier circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/21106 An input signal being distributed in parallel over the inputs of a plurality of power amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/19 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/21 with semiconductor devices only H03F3/245 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/211 using a combination of several amplifiers H03F3/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/24 of transmitter output stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/245 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3042 in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers transmission power control in bidirectional transmission systems H04W52/04
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/04 Circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/0475 with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion H04B1/0483 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/0483 Transmitters with multiple parallel paths
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/0416 having gain or transmission power control
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/0425 with linearisation using predistortion
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/045 : with means for improving efficiency

Abstract

A radio frequency (RF) transmitter includes one or more power amplifiers and a controller that is configured to adjust amplitudes and phases of RF input signals of the one or more power amplifiers and supply voltages applied to the one or more power amplifiers. In embodiments where multiple power amplifiers are used, a combiner may be provided to combine outputs of the power amplifiers. In at least one implementation, amplitude adjustment of the RF input signals of the one or more power amplifiers may be used to provide transmit power control and/or power backoff for the RF transmitter.

Claims

1. A radio frequency (RF) transmitter, comprising:

a first RF power amplifier;

a second RF power amplifier;

a combiner to combine output signals of the first and second RF power amplifiers;

a first digital-to-RF modulator to generate an RF input signal for the first RF power amplifier based on first information indicative of a first amplitude and a first phase;

a second digital-to-RF modulator to generate an RF input signal for the second RF power amplifier based on second information indicative of a second amplitude and a second phase;

a first voltage control unit to provide a variable supply voltage to the first RF power amplifier in response to a first control signal;

a second voltage control unit to provide a variable supply voltage to the second RF power amplifier in response to a second control signal; and

a controller configured to;

receive data indicative of a vector to be transmitted from the transmitter;

select first and second voltage levels for the first and second power amplifiers, respectively, that are capable of providing the vector at the output of the combiner;

select first and second input phase angles for the first and second power amplifiers, respectively, to achieve the vector at the output of the combiner;

select first and second input amplitude levels to be provided to the first and second power amplifiers, respectively, to achieve the vector at the output of the combiner, wherein at least one of the first input amplitude level and the second input amplitude level are such that the corresponding power amplifier is backed off from a saturation point associated with the voltage level selected for that power amplifier; and

generate the first information based on the first input phase angle and the first input amplitude level, generate the second information based on the second input phase angle and the second input amplitude level, generate the first control signal based on the first selected voltage level, and generate the second control signal based on the second selected voltage level, thereby setting an output power level of the RF transmitter.

2. The RF transmitter of claim 1, wherein:

the controller further controls the first phase associated with the first information and the second phase associated with the second information to set an output power of the RF transmitter.

3. The RF transmitter of claim 1, further comprising:

at least one additional RF power amplifier, wherein the combiner combines output signals of the first, the second, and the at least one additional RF power amplifier.

4. The RF transmitter of claim 3, wherein:

the at least one additional RF power amplifier includes a third RF power amplifier; and

the RF transmitter further comprises;

a third digital-to-RF modulator to generate an RF input signal for the third RF power amplifier based on third information indicative of a third amplitude and a third phase; and

a third voltage control unit to provide a variable supply voltage to the third RF power amplifier in response to a third control signal;

wherein the controller is configured to provide the third information and the third control signal based, at least in part, on the transmit data.

5. The RF transmitter of claim 1, wherein:

the first voltage control unit is configured to select one of a plurality of available voltages for the first RF power amplifier in response to the first control signal.

6. The RF transmitter of claim 5, wherein:

the controller is configured to select a lowest set of voltage supply levels for the first and second RF power amplifiers that are capable of achieving a desired instantaneous output power level of the RF transmitter.

7. The RF transmitter of claim 5, wherein:

the controller provides a substantially fixed phase relationship between the output of the first power amplifier and the output of the second power amplifier.

8. The RF transmitter of claim 1, wherein:

the controller is configured to select the first and second input phase angles to produce individual output vectors of the first and second power amplifiers that are in phase and that produce the phase angle of the vector at the output of the combiner.

9. The RF transmitter of claim 1, wherein:

the first voltage control unit is configured to select one of a plurality of available voltages for the first RF power amplifier in response to the first control signal and the second voltage control unit is configured to select one of the plurality of available voltages for the second RF power amplifier in response to the second control signal; and

the first and second voltage control units are capable of adapting voltage values of the plurality of available voltages over time.

10. The RF transmitter of claim 5, wherein:

the first voltage control unit includes a first transition shaping filter to shape transitions between voltage levels within an output signal of the first voltage control unit.

11. The RF transmitter of claim 5, wherein:

the power combiner is an isolating combiner having an isolation port; and

the RF transmitter further comprises an energy recovery circuit coupled to the isolation port of the isolating combiner to recover energy output from the isolation port and convert the recovered energy to a useable form.

12. The RF transmitter of claim 5, wherein:

the first and second RF power amplifiers have different amplifier architectures.

13. The RF transmitter of claim 12, wherein:

one of the first and second power amplifiers is a Doherty amplifier and the other is not.

14. The RF transmitter of claim 5, wherein:

the first and second RF power amplifiers have different amplifier designs.

15. The RF transmitter of claim 5, wherein:

the controller is configured to update the first information, the second information, the first control signal, and the second control signal on a sample by sample basis.

16. The RF transmitter of claim 1, wherein:

the first voltage control unit is configured to select one of a plurality of available voltages for the first RF power amplifier in response to the first control signal and the second voltage control unit is configured to select one of a plurality of available voltages for the second RF power amplifier in response to the second control signal; and

the controller is configured to make decisions about voltage level changes for the first and second power amplifiers based, at least in part, on a window of samples representing data to be transmitted by the transmitter.

17. The RF transmitter of claim 16, wherein:

the controller is configured to adapt a length of the window of samples used to make voltage level change decisions over time.

18. The RF transmitter of claim 1, wherein:

the first voltage control unit is configured to select one of a plurality of available voltages for the first RF power amplifier in response to the first control signal and the second voltage control unit is configured to select one of a plurality of available voltages for the second RF power amplifier in response to the second control signal; and

to determine voltage levels for the first and second power amplifiers, the controller is configured to;

identify a window of samples to be transmitted by the transmitter;

if all samples in the window of samples can use a lower set of voltage levels than a previous sample to achieve a desired output power, select a new set of voltage levels that are lower than those used for the previous sample to support all samples in the window;

if all samples in the window cannot use a lower set of voltage levels than the previous sample to achieve the desired output power;

if the set of voltage levels used for the previous sample is sufficient for use with a current sample, use the set of voltage levels used for the previous sample for the current sample; and

if the set of voltage levels used for the previous sample is not sufficient for use with the current sample, select a new set of voltage levels for the current sample.

19. The RF transmitter of claim 5, wherein:

the combiner is an isolating combiner having a sum port and a difference port; and

the controller is configured to provide the first information, the second information, the first control signal, and the second control signal to minimize an output power level at the difference port of the combiner.

20. A machine implemented method for operating an RF transmitter having at least two digital-to-radio frequency (RF) modulators driving at least two power amplifiers and a combiner to combine output signals of the at least two power amplifiers, the method comprising:

obtaining transmit data to be transmitted from the RF transmitter;

generating input information for the at least two digital-to-RF modulators based, at least in part, on the transmit data, the input information to control amplitudes and phases of RF output signals of the at least two digital-to-RF modulators, wherein generating input information includes controlling one or more amplitudes associated with the at least two digital-to-RF modulators to set an output power level of the RF transmitter;

delivering the output signals of the at least two digital-to-RF modulators to corresponding inputs of the at least two power amplifiers;

selecting supply voltages for each of the at least two power amplifiers based, at least in part, on the transmit data by the steps of;

selecting supply voltage levels for each of the at least two power amplifiers, the supply voltage levels capable of providing a vector at the output of the combiner to be transmitted from the transmitter;

selecting input phase angles for each of the at least two power amplifiers to achieve the vector at the output of the combiner;

selecting and providing input amplitude levels to each of the at least two power amplifiers to achieve the vector at the output of the combiner, wherein at least one of the input amplitude levels are such that the corresponding power amplifier is backed off from a saturation point associated with the voltage level selected for that power amplifier; and

generating the input information based on the selected input phase angles, the selected input amplitude levels and the selected supply voltage for each corresponding power amplifier, thereby setting an output power level of the RF transmitter; and

combining the output signals of the at least two power amplifiers; and

generating a transmitter output signal at the set output power level.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein:

selecting supply voltages for each of the at least two power amplifiers includes selecting a lowest set of supply levels for the at least two power amplifiers that are capable of achieving a desired instantaneous output power level of the RF transmitter.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein:

generating input information for the at least two digital-to-RF modulators includes generating information that provides a substantially fixed phase relationship between outputs of the at least two power amplifiers.

23. The method of claim 20, wherein:

combining the output signals of the at least two power amplifiers includes applying the output signals of the at least two power amplifiers to an isolating combiner having an isolation port; and

the method further comprises recovering energy output from the isolation port of the isolating combiner and converting the recovered energy to a useable form.

24. The method of claim 20, wherein:

selecting supply voltages for each of the at least two power amplifiers includes selecting the supply voltages based, at least in part, on a window of samples representing data to be transmitted by the transmitter.

25. The method of claim 20, wherein selecting supply voltages for each of the at least two power amplifiers comprises:

identifying a window of samples to be transmitted;

if all samples in the window of samples can use a lower set of voltage levels than a previous sample to achieve a desired output power, selecting a new set of voltage levels that are lower than those used for the previous sample to support all samples in the window;

if all samples in the window cannot use a lower set of voltage levels than the previous sample to achieve the desired output power;

if the set of voltage levels used for the previous sample is sufficient for use with a current sample, using the set of voltage levels used for the previous sample for the current sample; and

if the set of voltage levels used for the previous sample is not sufficient for use with the current sample, selecting a new set of voltage levels for the current sample.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein:

selecting a new set of voltage levels that are lower than those used for the previous sample to support all samples in the window includes selecting a new set of voltage levels that are as low as possible while still being able to provide a desired instantaneous output power for all samples.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein:

selecting a new set of voltage levels for the current sample includes selecting a new set of voltage levels that are as low as possible for use with the current sample.

28. An apparatus comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a computer, perform a method for operating an RF transmitter having at least two digital-to-radio frequency (RF) modulators feeding at least two power amplifiers and a combiner to combine output signals of the at least two power amplifiers, the method comprising:

obtaining transmit data to be transmitted from the RF transmitter;

providing input information for the at least two digital-to-RF modulators based, at least in part, on the transmit data, the input information to control amplitudes and phases of RF output signals of the at least two digital-to-RF modulators, wherein generating input information includes controlling one or more amplitudes associated with the at least two digital-to-RF modulators to set an output power level of the RF transmitter; and

selecting supply voltages for each of the at least two power amplifiers based, at least in part, on the transmit data by;

selecting supply voltage levels for each of the at least two power amplifiers, the supply voltage levels capable of providing a vector at the output of the combiner to be transmitted from the transmitter;

selecting input phase angles for each of the at least two power amplifiers to achieve the vector at the output of the combiner;

selecting and providing input amplitude levels to each of the at least two power amplifiers to achieve the vector at the output of the combiner, wherein at least one of the input amplitude levels are such that the corresponding power amplifier is backed off from a saturation point associated with the voltage level selected for that power amplifier; and

generating the input information based on the selected input phase angles, the selected input amplitude levels and the selected supply voltage for each corresponding power amplifier, thereby setting an output power level of the RF transmitter.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein:

selecting supply voltages for each of the at least two power amplifiers includes selecting a lowest set of supply voltages for the at least two power amplifiers that are capable of achieving a desired instantaneous output power level of the RF transmitter.

30. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein:

selecting supply voltages for each of the at least two power amplifiers includes selecting the supply voltages based, at least in part, on a window of samples representing data to be transmitted by the transmitter.