System and method for diagnosis and treatment of a breathing pattern of a patient

• US 9,168,344 B2
• Filed: 01/03/2011
• Issued: 10/27/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 08/14/2003
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: New York University
• Original Assignee: New York University
• Inventors: Rapoport, David M., Norman, Robert G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Natnithithadha, Navin
• Application Number:
  US12/983,628
• Publication Number:
  US 20110166470A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,758 Days
• Field of Search: 600/484, 600529-543, 600/300, 600/301, 128920-925, 128/204.26, 128/204.21, 128/204.22, 128/204.23
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/021 Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels A61B5/0205 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/024 Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate A61B5/0205, A61B5/021 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0816 Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0826 Detecting or evaluating apnoea events A61B5/4818 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/087 Measuring breath flow
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/369 Electroencephalography [EEG] devices for psychotechnics A61B5/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4809 Sleep detection, i.e. determining whether a subject is asleep or not
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4812 Detecting sleep stages or cycles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4818 Sleep apnoea
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4836 Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods A61B5/0036 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7267 involving training the classification device
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7282 Event detection, e.g. detecting unique waveforms indicative of a medical condition A61B5/4094, A61B5/4818, A61B5/349, A61B5/0823 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0003 Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0066 Blowers or centrifugal pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0069 the speed thereof being controlled by respiratory parameters, e.g. by inhalation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/026 specially adapted for predicting, e.g. for determining an information representative of a flow limitation during a ventilation cycle by using a root square technique or a regression analysis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/06 Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0021 with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0027 pressure meter
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/003 : with a flowmeter
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0033 : electrical
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0039 : in the inspiratory circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/0042 : in the expiratory circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3334 : Measuring or controlling the flow rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3344 : Measuring or controlling pressure at the body treatment site
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/04 : Heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/10 : Electroencephalographic signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/18 : Rapid eye-movements [REM]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/30 : Blood pressure A61M2230/04 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/42 : Rate
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/70 : for mining of medical data, e.g. analysing previous cases of other patients
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/925 : Neural network

Abstract

Described is a system including a sensor and a processing arrangement. The sensor measures data corresponding to a patient'"'"'s breathing patterns. The processing arrangement analyzes the breathing patterns to determine whether the breathing patterns are indicative of a REM sleep state. In another embodiment, the processing arrangement analyzes the breathing patterns to determine whether the breathing patterns are indicative of one of the following states: (i) a wake state and (ii) a sleep state. In another embodiment, a neural network analyzes the data to determine whether the breathing patterns are indicative of one of the following states: (i) a REM sleep state, (ii) a wake state and (iii) a sleep state. In another embodiment, the processing arrangement analyzes the data to determine whether the breathing pattern is indicative of an arousal.

Claims

1. A system, comprising:

a flow sensor provided in an airflow path and measuring data corresponding to a patient'"'"'s breathing patterns; and

a processing arrangement configured to analyze the breathing patterns to determine whether the breathing patterns are indicative of a troubled wakefulness state; and

a generator configured to supply an airflow to an airway of the patient and to reduce a pressure of the airflow supplied to an airway of the patient from a first pressure to a second pressure when the processing arrangement determines that the breathing patterns are indicative of the troubled wakefulness state, the second pressure being lower than the first pressure.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the second pressure is zero.

3. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a mask coupled to the generator covering at least one of a nose and a mouth of the patient.

4. The system according to claim 3, further comprising:

a venting arrangement coupled to the mask preventing re-breathing of exhaled gas.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the breathing patterns that are indicative of the troubled wakeful state comprise one or more patterns selected from the group consisting of (a) pure mouth breathing, (b) erratic large breaths with varying inspiratory times, and (c) irregularity of intervals between breaths.

6. The system according to claim 5 wherein the erratic large breaths are about 3-5 seconds long.

7. A system, comprising:

a flow sensor provided in an airflow path and measuring data corresponding to a patient'"'"'s breathing patterns; and

a processing arrangement configured to analyze the breathing patterns to determine to which of the following states the detected breathing pattern is indicative;

(i) a REM sleep state, (ii) a non-troubled wake state, (iii) a non-REM sleep state and (iv) a troubled wakefulness state; and

a generator configured to supply an airflow to an airway of the patient and to adjust a pressure of the airflow supplied to an airway of the patient as a function of a state determined by the processing arrangement.

8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the breathing patterns that are indicative of state (i) comprise one or more patterns selected from the group consisting of (a) an absence of large breaths, (b) a high respiratory rate, (c) a low flow rate, and (d) a cluster of small breaths.

9. The system according to claim 7, further comprising:

a mask coupled to the generator covering at least one of a nose and a mouth of the patient.

10. The system according to claim 9, further comprising:

a venting arrangement coupled to the mask preventing re-breathing of exhaled gas.

11. The system according to claim 7, wherein, when the processing arrangement determines that the breathing patterns are indicative of state (iv), the processing arrangement decreases the pressure of the airflow supplied to the airway of the patient from a first pressure to a second pressure, the second pressure being lower than the first pressure.

12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the second pressure is zero.

13. The system according to claim 7, wherein, when the processing arrangement determines that the breathing patterns are indicative of state (i), the processing arrangement increases the pressure of the airflow supplied to the patient from the first pressure to a third pressure, the third pressure being greater than the first pressure.

14. The system according to claim 7, wherein the processing arrangement determines a time period during which the breathing patterns are indicative of state (i).

15. The system according to claim 7, wherein the breathing patterns that are indicative of state (iv) comprise one or more patterns selected from the group consisting of (a) pure mouth breathing, (b) erratic large breaths with varying inspiratory times, and (c) irregularity of intervals between breaths.

16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the erratic large breaths are about 3-5 seconds long.