Electrode, electrochemical sensor and apparatus, and methods for operating the same
First Claim
1. A method for detecting a protein, the method comprising the steps of:
- (i) providing an electrochemical sensor, the electrochemical sensor comprising;
a working electrode comprising an electrically conductive matrix holding a first reagent and/or a second reagent, the second reagent being an oxidising agent or a precursor thereof for the first reagent;
a counter electrode and optionally a reference electrode;
wherein a reaction between the first reagent and the oxidising agent is catalysable by the protein to provide a detectable signal at the working electrode; and
the electrically conductive matrix is an electrically conductive carbon- or graphite containing matrix or an electrically conductive porous matrix;
(ii) making available the electrochemical sensor at an environment to be analysed for the protein;
(iii) making available for reaction the first reagent and the second reagent;
(iv) maintaining a potential across the working electrode and the counter electrode and/or the reference electrode, where present; and
(v) measuring the current passing between the working electrode and the counter and/or reference electrode where present.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A method for amperometric detection of proteins, especially haemoglobin in faeces, using an electrochemical sensor. The electrochemical sensor includes: a working electrode having an electrically conductive matrix holding a first reagent and/or a second reagent, the second reagent being an oxidizing agent, or a precursor thereof, for the first reagent; a counter electrode and optionally a reference electrode; wherein a reaction between the first reagent and the oxidizing agent is catalyzed by the protein to provide a detectable signal at the working electrode. The electrically conductive matrix is an electrically conductive carbon- or graphite-containing matrix or an electrically conductive porous matrix.
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Citations
33 Claims
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1. A method for detecting a protein, the method comprising the steps of:
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(i) providing an electrochemical sensor, the electrochemical sensor comprising; a working electrode comprising an electrically conductive matrix holding a first reagent and/or a second reagent, the second reagent being an oxidising agent or a precursor thereof for the first reagent; a counter electrode and optionally a reference electrode; wherein a reaction between the first reagent and the oxidising agent is catalysable by the protein to provide a detectable signal at the working electrode; and the electrically conductive matrix is an electrically conductive carbon- or graphite containing matrix or an electrically conductive porous matrix; (ii) making available the electrochemical sensor at an environment to be analysed for the protein; (iii) making available for reaction the first reagent and the second reagent; (iv) maintaining a potential across the working electrode and the counter electrode and/or the reference electrode, where present; and (v) measuring the current passing between the working electrode and the counter and/or reference electrode where present. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. A working electrode for use in the detection of a protein, the working electrode comprising an electrically conductive matrix holding a first reagent and a second reagent, the second reagent being an oxidizing agent or a precursor thereof for the first reagent;
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wherein a reaction between the first reagent and the oxidizing agent is catalysable by the protein to provide a detectable signal at the working electrode; and the electrically conductive matrix is an electrically conductive carbon- or graphite-containing matrix or an electrically conductive porous matrix.
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25. An electrochemical sensor for use in the detection of a protein, wherein the electrochemical sensor comprises a working electrode comprising an electrically conductive matrix holding a first reagent and a second reagent, the second reagent being an oxidising agent or a precursor thereof for the first reagent;
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wherein a reaction between the first reagent and the oxidising agent is catalysable by the protein to provide a detectable signal at the working electrode; and the electrically conductive matrix is an electrically conductive carbon- or graphite-containing matrix or an electrically conductive porous matrix. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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31. A sensing apparatus comprising at least one electrochemical sensor, wherein the apparatus is adapted:
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(i) for use with a sample from a subject; (ii) to be swallowable, for passage through the human or animal body; (iii) to be implantable in the human or animal body;
or(iv) to be placed at a surface location of the human or animal body; and the electrochemical sensor is for use in the detection of a protein, wherein the electrochemical sensor comprises a working electrode comprising an electrically conductive matrix holding a first reagent and a second reagent, the second reagent being an oxidising agent or a precursor thereof for the first reagent; wherein a reaction between the first reagent and the oxidising agent is catalysable by the protein to provide a detectable signal at the working electrode; and the electrically conductive matrix is an electrically conductive carbon- or graphite-containing matrix or an electrically conductive porous matrix.
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32. A kit comprising a sensing apparatus adapted for use with a sample from a subject and further comprising a sampling apparatus for removal of a sample from a stool,
wherein the sensing apparatus comprising at least one electrochemical sensor and the electrochemical sensor is for use in the detection of a protein, wherein the electrochemical sensor comprises a working electrode comprising an electrically conductive matrix holding a first reagent and a second reagent, the second reagent being an oxidising agent or a precursor thereof for the first reagent; -
wherein a reaction between the first reagent and the oxidising agent is catalysable by the protein to provide a detectable signal at the working electrode; and the electrically conductive matrix is an electrically conductive carbon- or graphite-containing matrix or an electrically conductive porous matrix.
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33. A method of preparing a working electrode, the method comprising the step of mixing an electrically conductive matrix with a first reagent and a second reagent thereby to provide a working electrode comprising an electrically conductive matrix holding a first reagent and a second reagent, the second reagent being an oxidising agent or a precursor thereof for the first reagent;
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wherein a reaction between the first reagent and the oxidising agent is catalysable by the protein to provide a detectable signal at the working electrode; and the electrically conductive matrix is an electrically conductive carbon- or graphite-containing matrix or an electrically conductive porous matrix.
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Specification