Template electrode structures for depositing active materials
First Claim
1. An electrochemically active electrode material for use in a lithium ion cell, the electrochemically active electrode material comprising:
- a nanostructured template comprising a metal silicide, the nanostructured template comprising nanowires rooted to a substrate, the nanowires comprising substrate-rooted ends and free-ends; and
non-silicide, electrochemically active material shells coating the nanowires, the non-silicide electrochemically active material having a theoretical lithiation capacity of at least about 500mAh/g, wherein the shells are disjoined at the substrate.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Provided are examples of electrochemically active electrode materials, electrodes using such materials, and methods of manufacturing such electrodes. Electrochemically active electrode materials may include a high surface area template containing a metal silicide and a layer of high capacity active material deposited over the template. The template may serve as a mechanical support for the active material and/or an electrical conductor between the active material and, for example, a substrate. Due to the high surface area of the template, even a thin layer of the active material can provide sufficient active material loading and corresponding battery capacity. As such, a thickness of the layer may be maintained below the fracture threshold of the active material used and preserve its structural integrity during battery cycling.
102 Citations
28 Claims
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1. An electrochemically active electrode material for use in a lithium ion cell, the electrochemically active electrode material comprising:
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a nanostructured template comprising a metal silicide, the nanostructured template comprising nanowires rooted to a substrate, the nanowires comprising substrate-rooted ends and free-ends; and non-silicide, electrochemically active material shells coating the nanowires, the non-silicide electrochemically active material having a theoretical lithiation capacity of at least about 500mAh/g, wherein the shells are disjoined at the substrate. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. An electrochemically active electrode material for use in a lithium ion cell, the electrochemically active electrode material comprising:
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a nanostructured template comprising a metal silicide, the nanostructured template comprising nanowires rooted to a substrate, the nanowires comprising substrate-rooted ends and free-ends; and non-silicide, electrochemically active material shells coating the nanowires, the non-silicide electrochemically active material having a theoretical lithiation capacity of at least about 500mAh/g, wherein the shells are at least twice as thick at the free-ends of the nanowires as they are at the substrate-rooted ends, wherein the thickness of the shells increases continuously from the substrate rooted ends to the free ends of the nanowires. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. An electrochemically active electrode material for use in a lithium ion cell, the electrochemically active electrode material comprising:
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a nanostructured template comprising a metal silicide, the nanostructured template comprising nanowires rooted to a substrate, the nanowires comprising substrate-rooted ends and free-ends; and non-silicide, electrochemically active material shells coating the nanowires, the non-silicide electrochemically active material having a theoretical lithiation capacity of at least about 500 mAh/gu, wherein the shells are at least twice as thick at the free-ends of the nanowires as they are at the substrate-rooted ends, wherein the thickness of the shells increases, not continuously, from the substrate rooted ends to the free ends of the nanowires. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A lithium ion electrode for use in a lithium ion cell, the lithium ion electrode comprising:
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a current collector substrate; a nanostructured template comprising a metal silicide, the nanostructured template comprising nanowires rooted to the current collector substrate, the nanowires comprising substrate-rooted ends and free-ends; and non-silicide, electrochemically active material shells coating the nanowires, the non-silicide electrochemically active material having a theoretical lithiation capacity of at least about 500mAh/g, wherein the shells are at least twice as thick at the free-ends of the nanowires as they are at the substrate-rooted ends, wherein the thickness of the shells increases continuously from the substrate rooted ends to the free ends of the nanowires.
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28. A lithium ion cell comprising:
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a current collector substrate; a nanostructured template comprising a metal silicide, the nanostructured template comprising nanowires rooted to the current collector substrate, the nanowires comprising substrate-rooted ends and free-ends; and non-silicide, electrochemically active material shells coating the nanowires, the non-silicide electrochemically active material having a theoretical lithiation capacity of at least about 500 mAh/g, wherein the shells are at least twice as thick at the free-ends of the nanowires as they are at the substrate-rooted ends, wherein the thickness of the shells increases continuously from the substrate rooted ends to the free ends of the nanowires.
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Specification