System, method, and apparatus for operating a power distribution system

• US 9,172,274 B2
• Filed: 06/16/2011
• Issued: 10/27/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 06/16/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GE Digital Holdings LLC (General Electric Co. (Italy))
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Littrell, Nathan Bowman, Schmid, James Joseph
• Primary Examiner(s): Ali, Mohammad
• Assistant Examiner(s): Karim, Ziaul
• Application Number:
  US13/161,881
• Publication Number:
  US 20120323388A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,594 Days
• Field of Search: 700/286, 700/291, 700/292, 700/297, 700/298, 702/60, 702/61, 703/4
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00002 characterised by monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00034 the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2203/20 Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/64 The condition being economic, e.g. tariff based load management
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/00 Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/144 Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/1878 using tap changing or phase shifting transformers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/3225 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/30 Reactive power compensation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/70 Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/22 Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/30 State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/50 Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/222 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/20 Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 50/10 Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid

Abstract

A power distribution system includes a plurality of node devices and a computer communicatively coupled to the node devices. The computer includes a memory area configured to store at least one operating parameter of each of the node devices, and a processor that is programmed to determine a desired operating limitation of the power distribution system to be optimized, calculate an effect on the operating limitation based on a modification of the operating parameter of at least one of the node devices, and transmit a command to the node device to cause the node device to modify the operating parameter.

Claims

1. A method of operating a power distribution system including a plurality of node devices, said method comprising:

storing, at a computer, at least one of a voltage profile and a power factor profile associated with each of the plurality of node devices associated with the power distribution system, wherein the plurality of node devices include a customer meter, and at least one of a substation load tap changer, a substation voltage regulator, a line voltage regulator, a capacitor bank control, a single-phase transformer, and a multi-phase transformer;

storing, at the computer, at least one network hierarchy of the node devices, wherein the at least one network hierarchy of the node devices represents an organizational relationship of the node devices, wherein the at least one network hierarchy of node devices includes a plurality of tiers, wherein at least one tier of the plurality of tiers is based on individual node devices;

detecting an event based on at least one of a current time and an energy demand within the power distribution system;

determining, by the computer, a desired operating limitation of the power distribution system to be optimized to resolve the event;

calculating, by the computer, an effect on the operating limitation based on;

a modification of at least one operating parameter of at least one node device of the plurality of node devices;

at least one of the voltage profile and the power factor profile;

the at least one network hierarchy of the node devices; and

at least one time-based cost function for modifying the at least one operating parameter of the at least one node device; and

transmitting a command, from the computer to the at least one node device, to cause the at least one node device to modify the at least one operating parameter to facilitate optimizing an economic operation of the node devices by balancing efficiency gains with consumer energy costs and revenue changes, wherein the command transmitted from said computer to said at least one node device facilitates optimizing the desired operating limitation to resolve the event.

2. A method in accordance with claim 1, further comprising modifying at least one of a voltage profile of the at least one node device and a power factor profile of the at least one node device in response to the command.

3. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein comprises calculating a time-based cost function for initiating a demand response event in the power distribution system.

4. A method in accordance with claim 3, further comprising determining an effect of the demand response event on the at least one operating parameter of the at least one node device.

5. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the at least one time-based cost function includes at least one of:

a time-based cost function of at least one of the network hierarchy of node devices;

a time-based cost function of at least one of the voltage profiles;

a time-based cost function of at least one of the power factor profiles; and

a time-based cost function of at least one of a profit value profile associated with a plurality of loads associated with the power distribution system.

6. A power distribution system comprising:

a plurality of node devices including a customer meter, and at least one of a substation load tap changer, a substation voltage regulator, a line voltage regulator, a capacitor bank control, a single-phase transformer, and a multi-phase transformer; and

a computer communicatively coupled to said plurality of node devices, said computer comprising a memory area configured to store at least one operating parameter of each of said plurality of node devices, said computer further comprising a processor programmed to;

store, at said memory area, at least one of a voltage profile and a power factor profile associated with each of said plurality of node devices;

store, at said memory area, at least one network hierarchy of said node devices, wherein the at least one network hierarchy of said node devices represents an organizational relationship of said node devices, wherein the at least one network hierarchy of node devices includes a plurality of tiers, wherein at least one tier of the plurality of tiers is based on individual node devices;

detect an event based on at least one of a current time and an energy demand within the power distribution system;

determine a desired operating limitation of said power distribution system to be optimized based on the event;

calculate an effect on the operating limitation based on;

a modification of the at least one operating parameter of at least one node device of said plurality of node devices;

at least one of the voltage profile and the power factor profile;

the at least one network hierarchy of said node devices; and

at least one time-based cost function modifying the at least one operating parameter of said at least one node device; and

transmit a command to said at least one node device to cause said at least one node device to modify the at least one operating parameter to facilitate optimizing an economic operation of the node devices by balancing efficiency gains with consumer energy costs and revenue changes, wherein the command transmitted from said computer to said at least one node device facilitates optimizing the desired operating limitation to resolve the event.

7. A power distribution system in accordance with claim 6, wherein said at least one node device is configured to modify at least one of a voltage profile of said at least one node device and a power factor profile of said at least one node device in response to the command.

8. A power distribution system in accordance with claim 6, wherein said processor is further programmed to calculate a time-based cost function for initiating a demand response event in said power distribution system.

9. A power distribution system in accordance with claim 8, wherein said processor is further programmed to determine an effect of the demand response event on the at least one operating parameter of said at least one node device.

10. A power distribution system in accordance with claim 6, wherein said at least one time-based cost function includes at least one of:

a time-based cost function of each of the network hierarchy of node devices;

a time-based cost function of at least one of the voltage profiles;

a time-based cost function of at least one of the power factor profiles; and

a time-based cost function of at least one of a profit value profile associated with a plurality of loads associated with the power distribution system.

11. A computer for use with a power distribution system including a plurality of node devices, said computer comprising:

a memory area configured to store at least one operating parameter of each of the plurality of node devices, wherein the plurality of node devices include a customer meter, and at least one of a substation load tap changer, a substation voltage regulator, a line voltage regulator, a capacitor bank control, a single-phase transformer, and a multi-phase transformer; and

a processor communicatively coupled to said memory area and configured to;

store, at said memory area, at least one of a voltage profile and a power factor profile associated with each of the plurality of node devices associated with the power distribution system;

store, at said memory area, at least one network hierarchy of the node devices, wherein the at least one network hierarchy of the node devices represents an organizational relationship of the node devices, wherein the at least one network hierarchy of node devices includes a plurality of tiers, wherein at least one tier of the plurality of tiers is based on individual node devices;

detect an event based on at least one of a current time and an energy demand within the power distribution system;

determine a desired operating limitation of the power distribution system to be optimized based on the event;

calculate an effect on the operating limitation based on;

a modification of the at least one operating parameter of at least one node device of the plurality of nodes devices;

at least one of the voltage profile and the power factor profile;

the at least one network hierarchy of the node devices; and

at least one time-based cost function modifying the at least one operating parameter of the at least one node device; and

transmit a command to the at least one node device to cause the at least one node device to modify the at least one operating parameter to facilitate optimizing an economic operation of the node devices by balancing efficiency gains with consumer energy costs and revenue changes, wherein the command transmitted from said computer to said at least one node device facilitates optimizing the desired operating limitation to resolve the event.

12. A computer in accordance with claim 11, wherein said processor is further programmed to calculate a time-based cost function for initiating a demand response event in the power distribution system.

13. A computer in accordance with claim 12, wherein said processor is further programmed to determine an effect of the demand response event on the at least one operating parameter of the at least one node device.

14. A computer in accordance with claim 11, wherein said processor is further programmed to calculate the time-base cost function including at least one of:

a time-based cost function of each of the network hierarchy of node devices;

a time-based cost function of at least one of the voltage profiles;

a time-based cost function of at least one of the power factor profiles; and

a time-based cost function of at least one of a profit value profile associated with a plurality of loads associated with the power distribution system.