Method and apparatus for multilevel power amplification

• US 9,172,336 B2
• Filed: 07/31/2013
• Issued: 10/27/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 10/30/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ETA Devices, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: ELA Devices Incorporated
• Inventors: Briffa, Mark A., Dawson, Joel L., DeRoo, John E., Komoni, Krenar, Perreault, David J., Uyar, Oguzhan
• Primary Examiner(s): Choe, Henry
• Application Number:
  US13/955,952
• Publication Number:
  US 20140118072A1
• Time in Patent Office: 818 Days
• Field of Search: 330/136, 330/129, 330/285, 330/296, 330/297
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/025 by using a signal derived from the input signal
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0277 Selecting one or more amplifiers from a plurality of amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3241 using predistortion circuits H03F1/3211, H03F1/3217 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3247 using feedback acting on predistortion circuits H03F1/3264 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/207 A hybrid coupler being used as power measuring circuit at the output of an amplifier circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/451 the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/511 Many discrete supply voltages or currents or voltage levels can be chosen by a control signal in an IC-block amplifier circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2201/3233 Adaptive predistortion using lookup table, e.g. memory, RAM, ROM, LUT, to generate the predistortion
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/19 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/193 with field-effect devices H03F3/195 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/195 in integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/217 Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/2175 using analogue-digital or digital-analogue conversion H03F3/2173 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/245 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/602 Combinations of several amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/68 Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics power amplifiers using a combination of several semiconductor amplifiers H03F3/211; combinations of amplifiers using coupling networks with distributed constants H03F3/602

Abstract

Circuits and methods for performing multilevel power amplification using multiple different supply voltages or states are disclosed. In some embodiments, power amplifiers are provided that switch between three or more supply voltages or states.

Claims

1. A radio frequency (RF) system having an input and an RF output, the system comprising:

one or more RF amplifiers each having an RF input, an RF output, and a power supply input; and

a voltage control unit coupled to provide a power supply voltage to the power supply input of at least one of the one or more RF amplifiers, wherein the voltage control unit is configured to dynamically select the power supply voltage from among 3 or more discrete voltage levels based at least in part upon one or more signal characteristics of a signal to be amplified and upon a window of data related to one or more signal characteristics of the signal to be amplified, the window corresponding to a set of data samples; and

a pulse cancellation system, coupled to at least one of the one or more power amplifiers, the pulse cancellation system configured to receive at least a portion of an RF signal and to generate one or more cancellation signals wherein the one or more cancellation signals are based, at least in part, upon the portion of the RF signal and at least partially cancel variations at the RF output of the RF system caused by switching among the discrete voltage levels, the one or more cancellation signals introduced at the RF input of at least one of the one or more RF amplifiers.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more RF amplifiers are provided as one or more RF power amplifiers.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the voltage control unit dynamically selects the power supply voltage from among 4 or more discrete voltage levels based at least in part upon one or more signal characteristics of the signal to be amplified and upon the window of data related to the one or more signal characteristics of the signal to be amplified.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the power supply voltage provided to the power supply input of the at least one RF amplifier by the voltage control unit is selected from among the 3 or more discrete voltage levels for a first set of operating conditions and is derived from an input that provides continuous envelope tracking for other operating conditions not included in the first set.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein disturbances in the RF output of the system owing to changes in the selected power supply voltage level of at least one of the one or more RF amplifiers are compensated for by a signal applied via the RF input of at least one of the one or more RF amplifiers.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the system has first and second power amplifiers, and wherein disturbances in the RF output of the system owing to changes in the power supply input selection of the first power amplifier are compensated by a signal introduced via the RF input of the second power amplifier.

7. The system of claim 5, wherein the compensation signal is introduced as an additive component in a baseband signal.

8. The system of claim 5, wherein the compensation signal is introduced as a multiplicative factor applied to digital data in a baseband signal.

9. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a linearization unit coupled to each of the RF amplifiers associated with the voltage control unit, the linearization unit to improve the linearity of the system by predistorting the RF input to at least one of the one or more RF amplifiers, wherein the predistortion is indexed, at least in part, to the selected power supply voltage level.

19. The RF system of claim 1, wherein the window comprises a moving window.

10. A radio frequency (RF) power amplifier system having an input and an RF output, comprising:

one or more power amplifiers each having an RF input, an RF output, and a power supply input, wherein a power supply voltage provided to the power supply input of at least one of the one or more power amplifiers is dynamically selected from among 3 or more different voltage levels based at least in part upon one or more signal characteristics of a signal to be amplified and upon a window of data related to one or more signal characteristics of the signal to be amplified, the window corresponding to a set of data samples; and

a pulse cancellation system, coupled to at least one of the one or more power amplifiers, the pulse cancellation system configured to receive at least a portion of an RF signal and in response thereto to generate one or more cancellation signals to at least partially cancel variations in RF signals at the RF output of the power amplifier system caused by switching among the discrete voltage levels, the one or more cancellation signals introduced at the RF input of at least one of the one or more power amplifiers, the one or more cancellation signals based, at least in part, on the portion of the RF signal received by said pulse cancellation system.

11. The power amplifier system of claim 10, wherein the power supply voltage provided to the power supply input of the at least one power amplifier is dynamically selected from among 4 or more different voltage levels based at least in part upon one or more signal characteristics of the signal to be amplified and upon the window of data related to one or more signal characteristics of the signal to be amplified.

12. The power amplifier system of claim 11, wherein variations in an RF output signal at the RF output of the power amplifier system owing to changes in selection of a power supply input of at least one of the one or more power amplifiers are compensated by a compensation signal provided to the RF input of at least one of the one or more power amplifiers.

20. The RF power amplifier system of claim 10, wherein the window comprises a moving window.

13. A radio frequency (RF) power amplifier system having a data input and an RF output, comprising:

one or more power amplifiers that are switched among a discrete set of 3 or more operating states based at least in part upon data provided to the data input of the power amplifier system, the data comprising one or more signal characteristics of the signal to be amplified, and a window of data related to the one or more signal characteristics of the signal to be amplified, the window corresponding to a set of data samples; and

a pulse cancellation system, coupled to at least one of the one or more power amplifiers, the pulse cancellation system coupled to receive at least a portion of an RF signal and configured to generate one or more cancellation signals to at least partially cancel variations at RF output of the RF power amplifier system caused by switching among the discrete operating states, the one or more cancellation signals introduced at an input of at least one of the one or more power amplifiers, the one or more cancellation signals based, at least in part, on the portion of the RF signal receive by said pulse cancellation system.

14. The power amplifier system of claim 13, wherein the discrete set of 3 or more operating states is determined at least in part by the selection of at least one drain bias voltage for at least one of the one or more power amplifiers, wherein the at least one drain bias voltage is selected from among multiple sources or levels.

15. The power amplifier system of claim 13, wherein:

the one or more power amplifiers includes multiple power amplifiers, each of the multiple power amplifiers having one or more operating states; and

the set of operating states for each of the multiple power amplifiers is determined at least in part by the number of power amplifiers selected to provide power amplification.

16. The power amplifier system of claim 13, further comprising:

a pulse cancellation system, coupled to at least one of the one or more power amplifiers, to at least partially cancel variations in an RF output signal at the RF output of the power amplifier system caused by switching among the discrete set of operating states by introducing a cancellation signal at the RF input of at least one of the one or more power amplifiers.

17. The power amplifier system of claim 16, further comprising:

a coupler to couple at least a portion of the RF output signal of the power amplifier system to the pulse cancellation system, wherein the pulse cancellation system is configured to generate one or more cancellation signals based, at least in part, from the coupled signal.

18. The power amplifier system of claim 16, wherein:

the one or more power amplifiers are switched among a discrete set of 4 or more operating states based at least in part upon the data provided to the data input of the power amplifier system.