Mixed metal olivine electrode materials for lithium ion batteries having improved specific capacity and energy density
First Claim
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1. A positive electrode material, comprising:
- an electroactive material having an overall composition comprising lithium (Li), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), one or more dopants (D), and phosphate (PO4), wherein the amount of Fe+Mn+D=1.0;
a ratio of an amount of Li;
(Fe+Mn+D) ranges from greater than 1.0 to 1.05;
a ratio of an amount of PO4;
(Fe+Mn+D) ranges from greater than 1.0 to 1.025;
D is one or more dopants each selected from the group consisting of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), and niobium (Nb);
an element amount of Mn ranges from 0.35 to 0.60;
an amount of D ranges from about 0.001 to about 0.10; and
the electroactive material comprises at least one phase having an olivine structure comprising said Li, Fe, Mn, D, and phosphate; and
wherein the combination of the excess lithium with the amount of Mn has an energy density of at least 250 mWh/g and a specific capacity of at least 100 mAh/g at a 20C discharge rate during operation in a battery cell of the electroactive material.
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Abstract
Improved positive electrode material and methods for making the same are described. Lithium-iron-manganese phosphate materials, doped with one or more dopant Co, Ni, V, and Nb, and methods for making the same are described. The improved positive electrode material of the present invention is capable of exhibiting improved energy density and/or specific capacity for use in wide range of applications. In certain embodiments, energy density of greater than 340 mWh/g is possible.
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Citations
27 Claims
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1. A positive electrode material, comprising:
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an electroactive material having an overall composition comprising lithium (Li), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), one or more dopants (D), and phosphate (PO4), wherein the amount of Fe+Mn+D=1.0; a ratio of an amount of Li;
(Fe+Mn+D) ranges from greater than 1.0 to 1.05;a ratio of an amount of PO4;
(Fe+Mn+D) ranges from greater than 1.0 to 1.025;D is one or more dopants each selected from the group consisting of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), and niobium (Nb); an element amount of Mn ranges from 0.35 to 0.60; an amount of D ranges from about 0.001 to about 0.10; and the electroactive material comprises at least one phase having an olivine structure comprising said Li, Fe, Mn, D, and phosphate; and wherein the combination of the excess lithium with the amount of Mn has an energy density of at least 250 mWh/g and a specific capacity of at least 100 mAh/g at a 20C discharge rate during operation in a battery cell of the electroactive material. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27)
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Specification