Device for separation of oxygen and nitrogen

• US 9,186,622 B1
• Filed: 06/11/2014
• Issued: 11/17/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 06/11/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Ranjan, Rajiv, Dardas, Zissis A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Greene, Jason M
• Assistant Examiner(s): Shumate, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US14/301,945
• Time in Patent Office: 524 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2053/223 with hollow tubes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2053/224 with hollow fibres
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/104 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4533 for medical purposes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4575 in aeroplanes or space ships
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/40 Adsorbents within the flow path
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2323/58 Fusion; Welding
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2325/12 Adsorbents being present on the surface of the membranes or in the pores
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/228 characterised by specific membranes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/229 Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 67/0069 by deposition from the liquid phase, e.g. electrochemical deposition B01D67/0046 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/08 Hollow fibre membranes manufacture of hollow fibres D01D5/24, D01F1/08
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/107 Organic support material
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 69/12 Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 71/0281 Zeolites
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 71/06 Organic material
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 40/00 Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/0255 characterised by the type of membrane
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 21/0444 characterised by the membrane

Abstract

A method of separating oxygen from nitrogen involves delivering air to a first side of a membrane comprising a polymer support and a layer of zeolite nanosheet particles with thickness of 2 nm to 10 nm and mean diameter of 5 nm to 5000 nm. The delivered air provides a pressure differential between opposite sides of the membrane, thus causing oxygen in the hollow core to diffuse through the polymer support and the zeolite nanosheet layer to the second side of the membrane. The preferential diffusion of oxygen (compared to diffusion of nitrogen) through the membrane produces nitrogen-enriched air on the first side of the membrane and oxygen-enriched air on the second side of the membrane.

Claims

1. A method of separating oxygen from nitrogen, comprising:

coupling a source of air to a first side of a membrane comprising a polymer support and a layer comprising a plurality of zeolite nanosheet particles with thickness of 2 nm to 10 nm and mean diameter of 50 nm to 5000 nm;

delivering the air such that a pressure differential between opposite sides of the membrane exists to cause oxygen in the hollow core to diffuse through the polymer support and the layer comprising zeolite nanosheet particles to the second side of the membrane, thereby producing nitrogen-enriched air on the first side of the membrane and oxygen-enriched air on the second side of the membrane.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the zeolite nanosheet particles comprise zeolite structures selected from framework type MFI, MWW, FER, FAU, LTA and mixtures of the preceding with each other or with other zeolite structures.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the zeolite nanosheet particles comprise zeolite structures are selected from MFI, MWW, LTA, and FER framework.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer has a thickness of from 2 nm to 500 nm.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer has a thickness of from 2 nm to 50 nm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of nanosheets are fused together.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanosheet particles have the thickness from 2 nm to 5 nm.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanosheet particles have the mean diameter from 50 nm to 1000 nm.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer support has a thickness of from 50 nm to 1000 nm.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising delivering nitrogen-enriched air from the first side of the membrane to an aircraft fuel tank ullage space.

11. A device for separating nitrogen and oxygen, comprising a membrane comprising a polymer support and a layer comprising a plurality of zeolite nanosheet particles with thickness of 2 nm to 10 nm and mean diameter of 50 nm to 5000 nm.

12. The device of claim 11, membrane comprises a hollow polymer fiber wherein the polymer substrate is configured as a polymer shell surrounding a hollow core, the hollow core extending from one end of the fiber to the other end of the fiber and open at one end of the fiber to receive a flow of air and open at the opposite end of the fiber to discharge a flow of nitrogen-enriched air, and the layer comprising zeolite nanosheet particles is deposited on the hollow polymer fiber'"'"'s exterior surface.

13. The device of claim 12, comprising a plurality of said hollow polymer fibers arranged in parallel between first and second plenums such that the hollow core of each fiber is in fluid communication with one of the plenums at each end of the fiber, wherein the first plenum is configured to deliver a flow of pressurized air into the hollow core of each of the plurality of fibers, and the second plenum is configured to receive a flow of nitrogen-enriched air from each of the plurality of fibers.

14. The device of claim 13, further comprising a housing disposed around the plurality of fibers the housing forming a sealed connection with each of the first and second manifolds to form a chamber for collecting oxygen-enriched air discharged through side-walls of the hollow polymer fibers.

15. A method of making the device of claim 12, comprising

disposing a hollow polymer fiber comprising a polymer shell surrounding a hollow core that extends from one end of the fiber to the other end of the fiber in a coating composition comprising zeolite nanosheet particles with thickness of 2 nm to 10 nm and mean diameter of 50 nm to 5000 nm, such that the hollow core is isolated from the coating composition at each fiber end is connected to a source of vacuum on at least one end of the fiber;

drawing a vacuum on the hollow core of the fiber, thereby causing a pressure differential between the exterior and the hollow core of the hollow polymer fiber, and deposition of a layer comprising zeolite nanosheet particles onto the hollow polymer fiber exterior; and

heating the layer to fuse the zeolite nanosheet particles.