Generate random numbers using metastability resolution time

• US 9,189,202 B2
• Filed: 12/23/2013
• Issued: 11/17/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University Of Massachusetts
• Original Assignee: University Of Massachusetts
• Inventors: Burleson, Wayne P., Suresh, Vikram Belur
• Primary Examiner(s): Ngo, Chuong D
• Assistant Examiner(s): Sandifer, Matthew
• Application Number:
  US14/139,020
• Publication Number:
  US 20150178048A1
• Time in Patent Office: 694 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 7/588 Random number generators, i.e. based on natural stochastic processes

Abstract

A mechanism is provided for a circuit for generation of a random output. A bistable circuit has two stable states as an output and a clock signal as an input. The bistable circuit includes a first logic circuit and a second logic circuit cross-coupled connected together, which transition into a metastable state before resolving to the two stable states. The second logic circuit resolves to a stable state at a resolution time. A digitization circuit is configured to generate random bits corresponding to a variance of the resolution time of the second logic circuit resolving from the metastable state to the stable state for cycles of the clock signal. The resolution time randomly varies according to noise. An actual value of the stable state is eliminated as factor in generating the random bits.

Claims

1. A circuit for generation of a random output, the circuit comprising:

a bistable circuit having two stable states as an output and a clock signal as an input, the bistable circuit comprising a first logic circuit and a second logic circuit cross-coupled connected together, the first and second logic circuits transitioning into a metastable state before resolving to the two stable states;

the second logic circuit resolves to a stable state at a resolution time; and

a digitization circuit configured to generate random bits corresponding to a variance of the resolution time of the second logic circuit resolving from the metastable state to the stable state for cycles of the clock signal, the resolution time randomly varying according to noise;

wherein an actual value of the stable state is eliminated as a factor in generating the random bits.

2. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a time difference amplifier circuit configured to amplify the resolution time with respect to the clock signal in order to output an enable signal.

3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the time difference amplifier circuit is configured to generate a time difference between the resolution time and the clock signal.

4. The circuit of claim 2, wherein the digitization circuit comprises a time to digital converter configured to receive the enable signal and the clock signal as input in order to generate a plurality of bits.

5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the time to digital converter comprises a ring oscillator circuit connected to a plurality of latch circuits, the plurality of latch circuits being connected to a delay chain circuit;

wherein the delay chain circuit generates different internal clock signals utilizing the enable signal, such that each of the plurality of latch circuits respectively samples a signal of the ring oscillator circuit in order to output the plurality of bits according to the different internal clock signals.

6. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the digitization circuit further comprises a parity circuit configured to receive the plurality of bits as input;

wherein the parity circuit outputs a random bit per cycle of the clock signal in order to generate the random bits.

7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the second logic circuit is larger in width than the first logic circuit.

8. A method for generation of a random output, the method comprising:

generating a stable state after transitioning from a metastable state in a bistable circuit;

detecting a resolution time to resolve from the metastable state to the stable state; and

generating random bits corresponding to a variance of the resolution time resolving from the metastable state to the stable state for cycles of a clock signal, the resolution time randomly varying according to noise;

wherein an actual value of the stable state is eliminated as a factor in generating the random bits.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein a time difference amplifier circuit is configured to amplify the resolution time with respect to the clock signal in order to output an enable signal.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the time difference amplifier circuit is configured to generate a time difference between the resolution time and the clock signal.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein a digitization circuit comprises a time to digital converter configured to receive the enable signal and the clock signal as input in order to generate a plurality of bits.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the time to digital converter comprises a ring oscillator circuit connected to a plurality of latch circuits, the plurality of latch circuits being connected to a delay chain circuit;

wherein the delay chain circuit generates different internal clock signals utilizing the enable signal, such that each of the plurality of latch circuits respectively samples a signal of the ring oscillator circuit in order to output the plurality of bits according to the different internal clock signals.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the digitization circuit further comprises a parity circuit configured to receive the plurality of bits as input;

wherein the parity circuit outputs a random bit per cycle of the clock signal in order to generate the random bits.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the bistable circuit comprises a first logic circuit and a second logic circuit cross-coupled connected together, the first and second logic circuits transitioning into the metastable state before resolving to two stable states;

and

wherein the second logic circuit is larger in width than the first logic circuit.

15. A computer program product, tangibly embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, for generation of a random output, the computer program product including instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:

generating a stable state after transitioning from a metastable state in a bistable circuit;

detecting a resolution time to resolve from the metastable state to the stable state; and

generating random bits corresponding to a variance of the resolution time resolving from the metastable state to the stable state for cycles of a clock signal, the resolution time randomly varying according to noise;

wherein an actual value of the stable state is eliminated as a factor in generating the random bits.

16. The computer program product of claim 15, further comprising amplifying the resolution time with respect to the clock signal in order to output an enable signal.

17. The computer program product of claim 16, further comprising generating a time difference between the resolution time and the clock signal.

18. The computer program product of claim 16, further comprising generating a plurality of bits by receiving input of the enable signal and the clock signal.

19. The computer program product of claim 18, further comprising generating different internal clock signals utilizing the enable signal;

and

respectively sampling a signal of a ring oscillator circuit in order to output the plurality of bits according to the different internal clock signals.

20. The computer program product of claim 18, further comprising inputting the plurality of bits into a parity circuit that outputs a random bit per cycle of the clock signal in order to generate the random bits.