Acute ischemia detection based on smoothed temporal thresholding

• US 9,192,309 B1
• Filed: 01/07/2015
• Issued: 11/24/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 08/25/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Angel Medical Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Angel Medical Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Hopenfeld, Bruce, Johnson, Steven R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Holmes, Rex R
• Application Number:
  US14/591,268
• Time in Patent Office: 321 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0006 ECG or EEG signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0022 Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02028 Determining haemodynamic parameters not otherwise provided for, e.g. cardiac contractility or left ventricular ejection fraction
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02405 Determining heart rate variability
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/316 Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/349 Detecting specific parameters of the electrocardiograph cycle
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/686 Permanently implanted devices, e.g. pacemakers, other stimulators, biochips A61B5/6861 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7282 Event detection, e.g. detecting unique waveforms indicative of a medical condition A61B5/4094, A61B5/4818, A61B5/349, A61B5/0823 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/742 using visual displays A61B5/339 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/746 Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms alarms per se G08B
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7465 Arrangements for interactive communication between patient and care services, e.g. by using a telephone network telemetry of measured physiological signal A61B5/0002

Abstract

A heart monitor is disclosed. The monitor computes ST segment deviations and stores the results in heart rate based histograms. Periodically, the monitor analyzes the histogram data to determine a normal range of ST deviation for a particular heart rate range. The monitor computes heart rate dependent ischemia detection thresholds based on the upper and lower boundaries of the normal range. A current threshold for a heart rate range is set as a weighted average of the prior threshold and a provisional threshold based on recent data, thereby limiting the amount the actual detection threshold changes from period to period.

Claims

1. A cardiac monitor comprising:

(a) a sensor adapted to sense an analog signal from a heart;

(b) a device coupled to the sensor, the device having an analog-to-digital circuit system contained therein for digitizing the analog signal to produce a digitized waveform;

(c) a processor electrically coupled to the analog-to-digital circuit system, said processor configured to;

(i) compute first and second pluralities of ST deviations from the digitized waveform over initial and subsequent time periods respectively, each of the pluralities of ST deviations being characterized by a statistical distribution;

(ii) storing data pertaining to the first and second pluralities of ST deviations in a form that enables characteristics of the statistical distribution to be computed;

(iii) form a first threshold that is based on the statistical distribution associated with the first plurality of ST deviations in said initial time period;

(iv) apply a test to detect a cardiac event, wherein the test is based on the first threshold formed in said initial time interval;

(v) form a second threshold that is based on the statistical distribution associated with the second plurality of ST deviations in a second time interval subsequent to said first time interval, wherein the second threshold in said second time interval is constrained by the value of the first threshold in said initial time interval;

(vi) apply a test to detect a cardiac event, wherein the test is based on the second threshold of said second time interval.

2. The cardiac monitor of claim 1 wherein the second threshold is constrained by the value of the first threshold by determining the second threshold as an explicit function of the first detection threshold.

3. The cardiac monitor of claim 2 wherein the processor is further configured to form a provisional threshold based on the second plurality of ST deviations, and wherein the second threshold is an explicit function of the first threshold and the provisional threshold.

4. The cardiac monitor of claim 3 wherein the second threshold is a weighted average of the first threshold and the provisional threshold.

5. The cardiac monitor of claim 4 wherein the weighted average applies weights that increase with the number of ST deviations on which the first and provisional thresholds are based.

6. The cardiac monitor of claim 1 wherein the second threshold is based on the statistical distributions associated with both the first and second pluralities of ST deviations.

7. The cardiac monitor of claim 1 wherein said processor is further configured to store ST deviation according to heart rate ranges, and wherein the first and second pluralities of ST deviations correspond to a single heart rate range.

8. The cardiac monitor of claim 1 wherein the initial and subsequent time periods partially overlap.

9. The cardiac monitor of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to determine a boundary of the first statistical distribution, and wherein the first detection threshold is a function of the boundary.