Methods and apparatus for measuring analytes using large scale FET arrays
First Claim
1. A method of making a bead array, the method comprising:
- contacting a substrate having a surface comprising discrete reaction sites disposed within a flow cell with a solution introduced into the flow cell and including a population of different beads, the surface includes 103 of the discrete reaction sites; and
applying centrifugal force to the substrate or the solution, or both, such that at least a subpopulation of the population of different beads associates with the discrete reaction sites.
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Abstract
Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in the concentration of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), hydrogen ions, and nucleotide triphosphates.
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Citations
20 Claims
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1. A method of making a bead array, the method comprising:
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contacting a substrate having a surface comprising discrete reaction sites disposed within a flow cell with a solution introduced into the flow cell and including a population of different beads, the surface includes 103 of the discrete reaction sites; and applying centrifugal force to the substrate or the solution, or both, such that at least a subpopulation of the population of different beads associates with the discrete reaction sites. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A method of making a bead array, the method comprising:
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contacting a substrate having a surface comprising microwells disposed within a flow cell with a solution introduced into the flow cell and including a population of beads conjugated to different nucleic acid templates; and applying centrifugal force to the substrate and the solution to associate at least a subpopulation of beads of the population of beads with at least a subset of the microwells. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. A method of making a bead array, the method comprising:
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contacting a substrate having a surface comprising microwells disposed in a flow cell with a solution introduced into the flow cell and including a population of beads conjugated to different nucleic acid templates, a ratio of the diameter of a microwell of the microwells to a diameter of a bead of the population of different beads is at least 0.7, a ratio of the height to the width or diameter of a microwell of the microwells is in a range of 1;
1 to 1.5;
1; andapplying centrifugal force to the substrate and the solution to associate at least a subpopulation of beads of the population of beads with at least a subset of the microwells. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20)
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Specification