Evaporator including a wick for use in a two-phase heat transfer system

• US 9,200,852 B2
• Filed: 10/04/2011
• Issued: 12/01/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Orbital ATK Inc.
• Inventors: Kroliczek, Edward J., Khrustalev, Dmitry, Morgan, Michael J.
• Primary Examiner(s): CIRIC, LJILJANA V
• Application Number:
  US13/252,825
• Publication Number:
  US 20120024497A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,519 Days
• Field of Search: 165/104.21, 165/104.26
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/0266 with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers F28D15/043 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/04 with tubes having a capillary structure
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/043 forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 15/046 characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure

Abstract

An evaporator may include an outer enclosure and a wick within the outer enclosure. The wick may have an outer lateral side surface positioned adjacent to the outer enclosure and may comprise a plurality of circumferential grooves formed in the outer lateral side surface of the wick and a plurality of channels fluidly connected to the plurality of circumferential grooves. The evaporator may include an outer enclosure and an end cap bonded directly to the outer enclosure, contacting the wick, and having a thermal conductivity that is less than the thermal conductivity of the outer enclosure.

Claims

1. An evaporator comprising:

an outer enclosure;

a liquid inlet extending through the outer enclosure and fluidly coupled to an interior of the outer enclosure;

a vapor outlet extending through the outer enclosure and fluidly coupled to the interior of the outer enclosure; and

a cylindrical wick within the outer enclosure, fluidly coupled to the liquid inlet, having an axial length extending along a longitudinal axis of the wick, the wick having an radially outer side surface positioned adjacent to the outer enclosure, the wick comprising;

a plurality of circumferential grooves formed in the radially outer side surface of the wick, each groove of the plurality of circumferential grooves extending completely around a circumference of the wick in a direction that is non-parallel to the axial direction of the wick; and

a plurality of channels formed within the wick, each channel of the plurality of channels intersecting the plurality of circumferential grooves, extending along the axial direction of the wick, and being fluidly coupled to the vapor outlet, wherein an entirety of each channel of the plurality of channels is circumferentially surrounded by the wick.

2. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein the radially outer side surface of the wick contacts the outer enclosure.

3. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein the radially outer side surface of the wick has a structure that includes a plurality of protruding portions and a plurality of recessed portions, each circumferential groove of the plurality of circumferential grooves being formed in a space defined between a recessed portion of the plurality of recessed portions, at least two protruding portions of the plurality of protruding portions, and the outer enclosure.

4. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein each circumferential groove of the plurality of circumferential grooves extends perpendicularly to the axial direction.

5. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein the plurality of circumferential grooves are fluidly coupled to each other only through at least one channel of the plurality of channels of the wick.

6. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein each circumferential groove of the plurality of circumferential grooves is formed along the radially outer side surface of the wick.

7. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein the plurality of circumferential grooves are foamed as a continuous spiral.

8. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein the outer enclosure includes a heat receiving surface.

9. The evaporator of claim 8, wherein the plurality of channels is on a side of the wick, the side of the wick being adjacent the heat receiving surface of the outer enclosure.

10. The evaporator of claim 1, wherein each channel of the plurality of channels extends a length of the wick that is less than a total length of the wick as measured along the axial direction of the wick.

11. An evaporator comprising:

an outer enclosure;

a vapor outlet extending through the outer enclosure and fluidly coupled to an interior of the outer enclosure;

a wick within the outer enclosure, the wick fluidly coupled to the vapor outlet;

an end cap bonded directly to the outer enclosure, contacting the wick, and having a thermal conductivity that is less than a thermal conductivity of the outer enclosure; and

a liquid inlet fluidly coupled through the end cap to the wick.

12. The evaporator of claim 11, further comprising a porous structure within the end cap and positioned between the liquid inlet and the wick.

13. The evaporator of claim 12, wherein the porous structure thermally isolates the wick from the liquid inlet.

14. The evaporator of claim 12, wherein the porous structure has a thermal conductivity that is less than a thermal conductivity of the outer enclosure.

15. The evaporator of claim 12, wherein the porous structure comprises a circular channel fluidly coupled with the liquid inlet.

16. An evaporator comprising:

an outer shell;

a vapor outlet extending through the outer shell;

a liquid inlet extending through the outer shell;

a wick within the outer shell, the wick fluidly coupled to the vapor outlet;

a fluid pathway between the wick and the liquid inlet; and

a porous structure thermally isolating the wick from the liquid inlet and filling an entirety of the fluid pathway between the wick and the liquid inlet, the porous structure having a thermal conductivity that is less than a thermal conductivity of the outer shell, wherein the porous structure is separated from the wick by a gap smaller than a pore size of pores within the wick.

17. The evaporator of claim 16, wherein the porous structure includes a liquid distribution groove fluidly coupled to the liquid inlet to receive fluid.

18. The evaporator of claim 17, wherein the outer shell includes an end cap and an outer enclosure, and the end cap is bonded to the outer enclosure, contacts the wick, and has a thermal conductivity that is less than the thermal conductivity of the outer enclosure.

19. The evaporator of claim 18, wherein the liquid inlet extends through the end cap and is fluidly coupled to the wick.

20. The evaporator of claim 18, further comprising a fluid outlet extending through the end cap, wherein the porous structure allows liquid to flow inside the end cap along the liquid distribution groove from the liquid inlet to the fluid outlet.