Frequency hop sequence discovery mechanism

• US 9,203,469 B1
• Filed: 07/02/2015
• Issued: 12/01/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 09/14/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Enel X North America, Inc. (ENEL SPA)
• Original Assignee: Enernoc
• Inventors: Willig, Randy C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Vo, Don N
• Application Number:
  US14/791,149
• Publication Number:
  US 20150326276A1
• Time in Patent Office: 152 Days
• Field of Search: 375132-137
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 4/002 Remote reading of utility meters
• CPC Class Codes: G08C 15/02 simultaneously, i.e. using frequency division
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7156 Arrangements for sequence synchronisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/71563 Acquisition
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/12 Discovery or management of network topologies
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/06 for supporting key management in a packet data network cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for key management H04L9/08
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/10 for controlling access to devices or network resources
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2209/43 using wireless personal area networks [WPAN], e.g. 802.15, 802.15.1, 802.15.4, Bluetooth or ZigBee
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2209/50 using a mobile data collecting device, e.g. walk by or drive by
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2209/60 for transmitting utility meters data, i.e. transmission of data from the reader of the utility meter
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 9/00 Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/08 Access security
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 24/06 Testing, supervising or monitoring using simulated traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 24/08 Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/80 Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/30 Smart metering, e.g. specially adapted for remote reading

Abstract

An apparatus including narrowband receivers and a controller. The narrowband receivers are deployed geographically within a grid, where each of the narrowband receivers is configured to receive transmissions from a least one of a plurality of automated meter reading (AMR) meters, and where each of the plurality of AMR meters transmits identical data on each of a plurality of frequency bands that are hopped according to an unknown hopping sequence, but a known hop rate. The controller is coupled to the narrowband receivers, and is configured to control the narrowband receivers such that the each of the plurality of AMR meters is identified, and is configured to control the narrowband receivers such that corresponding data from the each of the AMR meters is received on at least one of the plurality of frequency bands.

Claims

1. An apparatus for determining a frequency hopping sequence, the apparatus comprising:

a plurality of narrowband receivers, deployed geographically within a grid, wherein each of said plurality of narrowband receivers is configured to receive transmissions from a least one of a plurality of automated meter reading (AMR) meters, and wherein each of said plurality of AMR meters transmits identical data on each of a plurality of frequency bands that are hopped according to the frequency hopping sequence, and wherein said frequency hopping sequence is initially unknown to said plurality of narrowband receivers, but a hop rate is known; and

a controller, coupled to said plurality of narrowband receivers, configured to control said plurality of narrowband receivers such that said each of said plurality of AMR meters is identified, and configured to control said plurality of narrowband receivers such that corresponding data from said each of said AMR meters is received on at least one of said plurality of frequency bands, wherein said controller determines the frequency hopping sequence by progressively selecting channel candidate pairs from a list of channels for the frequency hopping sequence, and determines adjacent channel pairs in said list of channels based upon latency of messages having said identical data observed between said channel candidate pairs according to said hop rate.

2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said controller steps said all of said plurality of receivers through all of said plurality of frequency bands to receive identification data from said those of said plurality of AMR meters that that transmit on said all of said plurality of frequency bands.

3. The apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein, for one of said plurality of AMR meters, said controller directs a set of said plurality of receivers that can receive data from said one of said plurality of AMR meters to receive on different ones of said plurality of frequency bands, and wherein transmissions from said one of said plurality of transmitters are time stamped to generate the frequency hopping sequence.

4. The apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein said controller determines a corresponding signal quality for each of said all of said plurality of receivers.

5. The apparatus as recited in claim 4 wherein said controller determines a corresponding probable location for said each of said all of said plurality of receivers.

6. The apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein, for said each of said plurality of receivers, said controller selects the frequency hopping sequence for each of said those of said plurality of AMR meters, and wherein said controller selects channels for said each of said plurality of receivers that are employed by a largest number of said those of said AMR meters to provide optimal coverage.

7. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising:

a network operations center (NOC), operatively coupled to said controller via an existing infrastructure, configured to receive the real time resource usage data from said controller.

8. An apparatus for determining a frequency hopping sequence, the apparatus comprising:

a plurality of narrowband receivers, deployed geographically within a grid, wherein each of said plurality of narrowband receivers is configured to receive transmissions from a least one of a plurality of automated meter reading (AMR) meters, and wherein each of said plurality of AMR meters transmits identical data on each of a plurality of frequency bands that are hopped according to a hopping sequence, and wherein said hopping sequence is initially unknown to said plurality of narrowband receivers, but a hop rate is known;

a controller, coupled to said plurality of narrowband receivers, configured to control said plurality of narrowband receivers such that said each of said plurality of AMR meters is identified, and configured to control said plurality of narrowband receivers such that corresponding data from said each of said AMR meters is received on at least one of said plurality of frequency bands, wherein said controller determines the frequency hopping sequence by progressively selecting channel candidate pairs from a list of channels for the frequency hopping sequence, and determines adjacent channel pairs in said list of channels based upon latency of messages having said identical data observed between said channel candidate pairs according to said hop rate; and

a network operations center (NOC), operatively coupled to said controller via an existing infrastructure, configured to receive the real time resource usage data from said controller.

9. The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein said controller steps said all of said plurality of receivers through all of said plurality of frequency bands to receive identification data from said those of said plurality of AMR meters that that transmit on said all of said plurality of frequency bands.

10. The apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein, for one of said plurality of AMR meters, said controller directs a set of said plurality of receivers that can receive data from said one of said plurality of AMR meters to receive on different ones of said plurality of frequency bands, and wherein transmissions from said one of said plurality of transmitters are time stamped to generate the frequency hopping sequence.

11. The apparatus as recited in claim 10, wherein said controller determines a corresponding signal quality for each of said all of said plurality of receivers.

12. The apparatus as recited in claim 11 wherein said controller determines a corresponding probable location for said each of said all of said plurality of receivers.

13. The apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein, for said each of said plurality of receivers, said controller selects the frequency hopping sequence for each of said those of said plurality of AMR meters, and wherein said controller selects channels for said each of said plurality of receivers that are employed by a largest number of said those of said AMR meters to provide optimal coverage.

14. The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein said plurality of frequency bands and said hopping sequence are in accordance with the Encoded Receiver Transmitter (ERT) protocol.

15. A method for determining a frequency hopping sequence, the method comprising:

deploying a plurality narrowband receivers within a grid, wherein each of the plurality of narrowband receivers is configured to receive transmissions from a least one of a plurality of automated meter reading (AMR) meters, and wherein each of the plurality of AMR meters transmits identical data on each of a plurality of frequency bands that are hopped according to a hopping sequence, and wherein the frequency hopping sequence is initially unknown to said plurality of narrowband receivers, but a hop rate is known; and

controlling the plurality of narrowband receivers such that the each of the plurality of AMR meters is identified, and that corresponding data from the each of the AMR meters is received on at least one of the plurality of frequency bands, wherein the controller determines the frequency hopping sequence by progressively selecting channel candidate pairs from a list of channels for the frequency hopping sequence, and determines adjacent channel pairs in the list of channels based upon latency of messages having the identical data observed between said channel candidate pairs according to the hop rate.

16. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the controller steps the all of the plurality of receivers through all of the plurality of frequency bands to receive identification data from the those of the plurality of AMR meters that that transmit on the all of the plurality of frequency bands.

17. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein said controlling further comprises:

for one of the plurality of AMR meters, directing a set of the plurality of receivers that can receive data from the one of the plurality of AMR meters to receive on different ones of the plurality of frequency bands, and wherein transmissions from the one of the plurality of transmitters are time stamped to generate the frequency hopping sequence.

18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein said controller determines a corresponding signal quality for each of the all of the plurality of receivers.

19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein said controller determines a corresponding probable location for the each of the all of the plurality of receivers.

20. The method as recited in claim 19, wherein said controlling further comprises:

for the each of the plurality of receivers, first selecting the frequency hopping sequence for each of the those of the plurality of AMR meters, and second selecting channels for the each of the plurality of receivers that are employed by a largest number of the those of the AMR meters to provide optimal coverage.

21. The method as recited in claim 15, further comprising:

transmitting the real time resource usage data to a network operations center (NOC) over an existing infrastructure.