Systems, methods, apparatus, and computer-readable media for noise injection

• US 9,208,792 B2
• Filed: 08/16/2011
• Issued: 12/08/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 08/17/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Rajendran, Vivek, Duni, Ethan Robert, Krishnan, Venkatesh
• Primary Examiner(s): Yen, Eric
• Application Number:
  US13/211,027
• Publication Number:
  US 20120046955A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,575 Days
• Field of Search: 704500-501, 704/E19.006, 704/205, 704/206, 704/225, 704/226
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/028 Noise substitution, i.e. substituting non-tonal spectral components by noisy source comfort noise for discontinuous speech transmission G10L19/012

Abstract

A method of processing an audio signal is described. The method includes selecting one among a plurality of entries of a codebook based on information from the audio signal. The method also includes determining locations, in a frequency domain, of zero-valued elements of a first signal that is based on the selected codebook entry. The method further includes calculating energy of the audio signal at the determined frequency-domain locations. The method additionally includes calculating a value of a measure of a distribution of the energy of the audio signal among the determined frequency-domain locations. The method also includes calculating a noise injection gain factor based on the calculated energy and the calculated value.

Claims

1. A method of processing an audio signal, the method being performed by an audio coding apparatus, said method comprising:

based on information from the audio signal, selecting one among a plurality of entries of a codebook;

determining, by the audio coding apparatus, locations, in a frequency domain, of zero-valued elements of a first signal that is based on the selected codebook entry;

calculating, by the audio coding apparatus, based on elements of the audio signal which are located at the determined frequency-domain locations, a first energy;

calculating, by the audio coding apparatus, an energy distribution value of the audio signal; and

based on the calculated first energy and the calculated energy distribution value, calculating, by the audio coding apparatus, a noise injection gain factor.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said selected codebook entry is based on a pattern of unit pulses.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said calculating an energy distribution value of the audio signal includes:

calculating for each of the elements, an energy; and

sorting the energies calculated for the elements.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said energy distribution value is based on a relation between (A) a total energy of a subset of the elements and (B) a total energy of the elements.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said noise injection gain factor is based on a relation between (A) the calculated first energy and (B) an energy of the audio signal in a frequency range that includes the determined frequency-domain locations.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein said calculating the noise injection gain factor includes:

detecting that an initial value of the noise injection gain factor is not greater than a threshold value; and

clipping the initial value of the noise injection gain factor in response to said detecting.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein said noise injection gain factor is based on a result of applying the calculated energy distribution value to the clipped value.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said audio signal is a plurality of modified discrete cosine transform coefficients.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said audio signal is based on a residual of a linear prediction coding analysis of a second audio signal.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein said noise injection gain factor is also based on a linear prediction coding gain, and

wherein said linear prediction coding gain is based on a set of coefficients produced by said linear prediction coding analysis of the second audio signal.

11. An audio coding apparatus for processing an audio signal, said audio coding apparatus comprising:

means for selecting, by the audio coding apparatus, one among a plurality of entries of a codebook, based on information from the audio signal;

means for determining, by the audio coding apparatus, locations, in a frequency domain, of zero-valued elements of a first signal that is based on the selected codebook entry;

means for calculating, by the audio coding apparatus, based on elements of the audio signal which are located at the determined frequency-domain locations, a first energy;

means for calculating, by the audio coding apparatus, an energy distribution value of the audio signal; and

means for calculating, by the audio coding apparatus, a noise injection gain factor based on the calculated first energy and the calculated energy distribution value.

12. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said selected codebook entry is based on a pattern of unit pulses.

13. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said means for calculating an energy distribution value of the audio signal includes:

means for calculating for each of the elements an energy; and

means for sorting the energies calculated for the elements.

14. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said energy distribution value is based on a relation between (A) a total energy of a subset of the elements and (B) a total energy of the elements.

15. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said noise injection gain factor is based on a relation between (A) the calculated first energy and (B) an energy of the audio signal in a frequency range that includes the determined frequency-domain locations.

16. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said means for calculating the noise injection gain factor includes:

means for detecting that an initial value of the noise injection gain factor is not greater than a threshold value; and

means for clipping the initial value of the noise injection gain factor in response to said detecting.

17. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said noise injection gain factor is based on a result of applying the calculated energy distribution value to the clipped value.

18. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said audio signal is a plurality of modified discrete cosine transform coefficients.

19. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said audio signal is based on a residual of a linear prediction coding analysis of a second audio signal.

20. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said noise injection gain factor is also based on a linear prediction coding gain, and

wherein said linear prediction coding gain is based on a set of coefficients produced by said linear prediction coding analysis of the second audio signal.

21. An audio coding apparatus for processing an audio signal, said audio coding apparatus comprising:

a processor;

memory in electronic communication with the processor; and

instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to;

select, by the audio coding apparatus, one among a plurality of entries of a codebook, based on information from the audio signal;

determine, by the audio coding apparatus, locations, in a frequency domain, of zero-valued elements of a first signal that is based on the selected codebook entry;

calculate, by the audio coding apparatus, based on elements of the audio signal which are located at the determined frequency-domain locations, a first energy;

calculate, by the audio coding apparatus, an energy distribution value of the audio signal; and

calculate, by the audio coding apparatus, a noise injection gain factor based on the calculated first energy and the calculated energy distribution value.

22. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said selected codebook entry is based on a pattern of unit pulses.

23. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said calculating an energy distribution value of the audio signal comprises calculating for each of the elements an energy and sorting the energies calculated for the elements.

24. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said energy distribution value is based on a relation between (A) a total energy of a subset of the elements and (B) a total energy of the elements.

25. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said noise injection gain factor is based on a relation between (A) the calculated first energy and (B) an energy of the audio signal in a frequency range that includes the determined frequency-domain locations.

26. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said calculating the noise injection gain factor comprises detecting that an initial value of the noise injection gain factor is not greater than a threshold value and clipping the initial value of the noise injection gain factor in response to said detecting.

27. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 26, wherein said noise injection gain factor is based on a result of applying the calculated energy distribution value to the clipped value.

28. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said audio signal is a plurality of modified discrete cosine transform coefficients.

29. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said audio signal is based on a residual of a linear prediction coding analysis of a second audio signal.

30. The audio coding apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said noise injection gain factor is also based on a linear prediction coding gain, and

wherein said linear prediction coding gain is based on a set of coefficients produced by said linear prediction coding analysis of the second audio signal.

31. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having tangible features that cause an audio coding apparatus reading the features to:

select, by the audio coding apparatus, one among a plurality of entries of a codebook, based on information from the audio signal;

determine, by the audio coding apparatus, locations, in a frequency domain, of zero-valued elements of a first signal that is based on the selected codebook entry;

calculate, by the audio coding apparatus, based on elements of the audio signal which are located at the determined frequency-domain locations, a first energy;

calculate, by the audio coding apparatus, an energy distribution value of the audio signal; and

calculate, by the audio coding apparatus, a noise injection gain factor based on the calculated first energy and the calculated energy distribution value.