Making connections through an optical circuit switch

• US 9,213,143 B1
• Filed: 07/02/2014
• Issued: 12/15/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 07/02/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: CALIENT Technologies, Inc.
• Original Assignee: CALIENT Technologies, Inc.
• Inventors: Miglani, Jitender, Thattai, Vijayan, Sagaram, Sushma, Yuan, Shifu, Deacon, Mchael
• Primary Examiner(s): Connelly, Michelle R
• Application Number:
  US14/322,021
• Publication Number:
  US 20160004014A1
• Time in Patent Office: 531 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3512 the optical element being reflective, e.g. mirror
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3518 the reflective optical element being an intrinsic part of a MEMS device, i.e. fabricated together with the MEMS device MEMS devices in general B81B; manufacture of MEM devices in general B81C; micromechanical devices controlling the direction of light G02B26/0833
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3546 NxM switch, i.e. a regular array of switches elements of matrix type constellation
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3586 Control or adjustment details, e.g. calibrating testing optical equipment G01M11/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3588 of the processed beams, i.e. controlling during switching of orientation, alignment, or beam propagation properties such as intensity, size or shape

Abstract

An optical circuit switch and method. A first mirror element rotates about orthogonal axes in response to first and second voltages applied respectively to first and second electrodes. A second mirror element rotates about orthogonal axes in response to third and fourth voltages applied respectively to the third and fourth electrodes. A controller may apply first through fourth voltages respectively to the first through fourth electrodes to make a connection between first and second ports. When an initial insertion loss of the connection does not exceed a predetermined threshold, the controller may conduct independent single-dimension searches to determine values for the first through fourth voltages that minimize the insertion loss. When the initial insertion loss exceeds the predetermined threshold, the controller may conduct a four-dimensional search to determine values for the first through fourth voltages that reduce the insertion loss to not exceed the predetermined threshold.

Claims

1. An optical circuit switch, comprising:

a first port associated with a first mirror element, the first mirror element rotatable about orthogonal axes in response to first and second voltages applied respectively to first and second electrodes coupled to the first mirror element;

a second port associated with a second mirror element, the second mirror element rotatable about orthogonal axes in response to third and fourth voltages applied respectively to third and fourth electrodes coupled to the second mirror element; and

a controller that, upon receipt of a command to make a connection between the first port and the second port, performs actions comprising;

applying nominal values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages respectively to the to the first, second, third, and fourth electrodes to make an optical connection from the first port to the second port,

determining an initial insertion loss for the optical connection,

if the initial insertion loss is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold, conducting four independent single-dimension searches to determine values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that minimize the insertion loss, and

when the initial insertion loss is greater than the predetermined threshold, conducting a four-dimensional search to determine values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that reduce the insertion loss to less than or equal to the predetermined threshold.

2. The optical circuit switch of claim 1, wherein the actions performed by the controller further comprise:

after conducting the four-dimensional search to determine values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that reduce the insertion loss to less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, conducting four independent single-dimension searches to determine values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that minimize the insertion loss.

3. The optical circuit switch of claim 1, wherein the actions performed by the controller further comprise:

after conducting the four-dimensional search to determine values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that reduce the insertion loss to less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, conducting a blink test to determine whether or not the connection is a true connection.

4. The optical circuit switch of claim 3, wherein the actions performed by the controller further comprise:

when a determination is made that the connection is not a true connection, resuming the four-dimensional search.

5. The optical circuit switch of claim 3, wherein the actions performed by the controller further comprise:

when a determination is made that the connection is a true connection, conducting four independent single-dimension searches to determine the values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that minimize the insertion loss.

6. The optical circuit switch of claim 3, wherein the controller conducting the blink test further comprises:

changing at least one of the first voltage and the second voltage;

determining that the connection is a true connection when the insertion loss changes in response to the changed voltage; and

determining that the connection is not a true connection when the insertion loss does not change in response to the changed voltage.

7. The optical circuit switch of claim 1, wherein the controller conducting a four-dimensional search further comprises:

selecting a first search domain from one or more predetermined search domains, each search domain including a plurality of search points, each search point corresponding to particular values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages;

sequentially selecting search points within the first search domain in accordance with a predetermined search pattern;

evaluating each selected search point, by applying the corresponding particular values of the first, second, third, and fourth voltages respectively to the first, second, third, and fourth electrodes and determining the insertion loss of the connection; and

terminating the four-dimensional search if a selected search point results in the insertion loss being less than or equal to the predetermined threshold.

8. The optical circuit switch of claim 7, wherein the controller conducting a four-dimensional search further comprises:

when all search points within the first search domain have been evaluated without finding a search point that results in the insertion loss being less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, selecting a second search domain and sequentially evaluating search points within the second search domain.

9. The optical circuit switch of claim 1, wherein

the first port is one of a plurality of input ports and the first mirror element is one of a plurality of input mirror elements, each input port uniquely associated with a respective one of the input mirror elements,

the second port is one of a plurality of output ports and the second mirror element is one of a plurality of output mirror elements, each output port uniquely associated with a respective one of the output mirror elements, and

the actions performed by the controller further comprise applying respective voltages to respective electrodes coupled to some input mirror elements in addition to the first mirror element and some output mirror elements in addition to the second mirror element to make optical connections between the associated input ports and output ports.

10. A method for making a connection from a first port to a second port in an optical circuit switch, comprising:

applying first and second voltages respectively to first and second electrodes coupled to a first mirror element associated with the first port, the first and second voltages applied at respective nominal voltage values;

applying third and fourth baseline voltages respectively to third and fourth electrodes coupled to a second mirror element associated with the second port, the third and fourth voltages applied at respective nominal voltage values;

determining an initial insertion loss for the optical connection;

if the initial insertion loss is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold, conducting four independent single-dimension searches to determine values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that minimize the insertion loss; and

when the initial insertion loss is greater than the predetermined threshold, conducting a four-dimensional search to determine values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that reduce the insertion loss to less than or equal to the predetermined threshold.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

after conducting the four-dimensional search to determine values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that reduce the insertion loss to less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, conducting four independent single-dimension searches to determine values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that minimize the insertion loss.

12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

after conducting the four-dimensional search to determine values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that reduce the insertion loss to less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, conducting a blink test to determine whether or not the connection is a true connection.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

when a determination is made that the connection is not a true connection, resuming conducting the four-dimensional search.

14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:

when a determination is made that the connection is a true connection, conducting four independent single-dimension searches to determine values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages that minimize the insertion loss.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein conducting the blink test further comprises:

changing at least one of the first voltage and the second voltage;

determining that the connection is a true connection when the insertion loss changes in response to the changed voltage; and

determining that the connection is not a true connection when the insertion loss does not change in response to the changed voltage.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein conducting a four-dimensional search further comprises:

selecting a first search domain from one or more predetermined search domains, each search domain including a plurality of search points, each search point corresponding to particular values for the first, second, third, and fourth voltages;

sequentially selecting search points within the first search domain in accordance with a predetermined search pattern;

evaluating each selected search point, by applying the corresponding particular values of the first, second, third and fourth voltages respectively to the first, second, third, and fourth electrodes and determining the insertion loss of the connection; and

terminating the four-dimensional search if a selected search point results in the insertion loss being less than or equal to the predetermined threshold.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein conducting a four-dimensional search further comprises:

when all search points within the first search domain have been evaluated without finding a search point that results in the insertion being less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, selecting a second search domain and sequentially evaluating the points within the second search domain.

18. The method of claim 10, wherein

the first port is one of a plurality of input ports and the first mirror element is one of a plurality of input mirror elements, each input port uniquely associated with a respective one of the input mirror elements,

the second port is one of a plurality of output ports and the second mirror element is one of a plurality of output mirror elements, each output port uniquely associated with a respective one of the output mirror elements, and

the method further comprises applying respective voltages to respective electrodes coupled to at least some input mirror elements in addition to the first mirror element and at least some output mirror elements in addition to the second mirror element to make optical connections between the associated input ports and output ports.