Sorted serpentine mapping for storage drives

• US 9,213,493 B1
• Filed: 12/16/2011
• Issued: 12/15/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/16/2011
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Western Digital Technologies Incorporated (Western Digital Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Western Digital Technologies Incorporated (Western Digital Corporation)
• Inventors: Boyle, William B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shah, Sanjiv
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chappell, Daniel C
• Application Number:
  US13/329,053
• Time in Patent Office: 1,460 Days
• Field of Search: 711/4
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/061 Improving I/O performance
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0638 Organizing or formatting or addressing of data
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/064 Management of blocks
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0676 Magnetic disk device
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/1217 on discs
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/36 Monitoring, i.e. supervising the progress of recording or reproducing for digital recording G11B20/00 and s.gr.; for monitoring, testing or measuring of TV recorders of the type covered by H04N5/76 and subgroups, see H04N17/06

Abstract

A disk drive is disclosed that utilizes sorted serpentine mapping of data tracks. In one embodiment, a plurality of physical heads of the disk drive is mapped to a plurality of logical heads. The plurality of logical heads is sorted according to the respective data rates of the physical heads, such as in the order of decreasing data rates. Data tracks are mapped using sorted serpentine mapping that utilizes the sorted order of the logical heads. Improved performance can thereby be attained.

Claims

1. A storage drive system comprising:

a plurality of disk platters aligned along a central axis, each disk platter comprising a plurality of disk surfaces, each disk surface comprising a plurality of tracks configured to store data;

a plurality of physical heads associated with the plurality of disk surfaces, each physical head configured to access the plurality of tracks of the corresponding disk surface, wherein at least some physical heads in the plurality of physical heads have different data rates; and

a controller configured to;

associate a plurality of logical heads with the plurality of physical heads, each physical head associated with a different disk surface;

sort the plurality of logical heads by respective data rates of the associated physical heads;

designate as a first logical head the logical head associated with a physical head having a highest data rate in the plurality of physical heads; and

map the plurality of tracks according to a serpentine mapping pattern, said serpentine mapping pattern based on the association of the plurality of physical heads with the plurality of logical heads so that a first logical address of a plurality of logical addresses used by a host system to access data stored in the storage drive system is mapped to an outermost track of a disk surface associated with the first logical head,

wherein the controller is further configured to map as a first starting track of the serpentine mapping pattern the outermost track of the disk surface associated with the first logical head, and

wherein mapping the plurality of tracks according to the serpentine mapping pattern results in improved performance as compared to grouping the plurality of tracks into a plurality of zones sorted in accordance with the respective data rates of the plurality of physical heads.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the serpentine mapping pattern is further based on a plurality of clusters, each cluster comprising a plurality of cylinders, each cylinder comprising a set of tracks of the plurality of tracks, the number of tracks in the set of tracks being equal to the number of disk surfaces in the plurality of disk surfaces, and each track in the cylinder located substantially the same distance from the central axis as every other track in the cylinder.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to:

map a plurality of tracks of the plurality of cylinders of a cluster associated with the first starting track using the physical head associated with the first logical head;

designate as a second logical head the logical head associated with a physical head having a second highest data rate in the plurality of physical heads;

switch to the physical head corresponding to the second logical head; and

map a second starting track associated with the same cylinder as a previously mapped track of the plurality of tracks.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to map the plurality of tracks of the plurality of cylinders of the cluster associated with the first starting track by:

mapping a first adjacent track located in a cylinder adjacent to a cylinder associated with the first starting track; and

mapping a second adjacent track located in a cylinder adjacent to the cylinder associated with the first adjacent track.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to:

using the physical heads in the order of sorted logical heads, map a second plurality of tracks of the plurality of cylinders of the cluster associated with the first starting track until all tracks associated with the cluster have been mapped, wherein the last mapped track of the cluster is associated with a physical head having the lowest data rate in the plurality of physical heads;

switch to the physical head corresponding to the first logical head; and

map a third starting track associated with a cluster adjacent to the cluster associated with the first starting track.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the cluster associated with the third starting track is closer to the central axis than the cluster associated with the first starting track.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:

in response to receiving from a host system a storage access operation associated with a logical address, determine a logical head corresponding to the logical address and determine a physical head corresponding to the logical head using the association of the plurality of physical heads with the plurality of logical heads; and

access a physical location on a track of the plurality of tracks using the physical head.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of logical heads are sorted by a decreasing data rate of the plurality of physical heads.

9. The system of claim 1, further comprising solid-state memory.

10. A method of operating a storage drive comprising a plurality of disk platters aligned along a central axis, a plurality of disk surfaces corresponding to the plurality of disk platters, a plurality of tracks corresponding to each disk surface, and a plurality of physical heads configured to access the plurality of tracks of a corresponding disk surface, wherein at least some physical heads in the plurality of physical heads have different data rates, the method comprising:

associating a plurality of logical heads with the plurality of physical heads, each physical head associated with a different disk surface;

sorting the plurality of logical heads by respective data rates of the associated physical heads;

designating as a first logical head the logical head associated with a physical head having a highest data rate in the plurality of physical heads;

mapping the plurality of tracks according to a mapping pattern that utilizes the association of the plurality of physical heads with the plurality of logical heads so that a first logical address of a plurality of logical addresses is mapped to an outermost track of a disk surface associated with the first logical head, the outermost track of the disk surface associated with the first logical head; and

mapping as a first starting track of the mapping pattern the outermost track of the disk surface associated with the first logical head,

wherein the method is performed by a controller of the storage drive, and

wherein the method achieves improved performance as compared to grouping the plurality of tracks into a plurality of zones sorted in accordance with the respective data rates of the plurality of physical heads.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

defining a plurality of clusters, each cluster comprising a plurality of cylinders, each cylinder of the plurality of cylinders comprising a set of tracks of the plurality of tracks, the number of tracks in the set of tracks being equal to the number of disk surfaces in the plurality of disk surfaces, and each track in the cylinder being located substantially the same distance from the central axis as every other track in the cylinder; and

operating the plurality of physical heads to map the plurality of tracks according to a serpentine mapping pattern that utilizes the defined plurality of clusters.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the serpentine mapping pattern utilizes the defined plurality of clusters by mapping tracks of the plurality of clusters in a descending order of distance from the central axis.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein mapping the plurality of clusters comprises:

mapping a plurality of tracks of the plurality of cylinders of a cluster associated with the first starting track using the physical head associated with the first logical head;

designating as a second logical head the logical head associated with a physical head having a second highest data rate in the plurality of physical heads;

switching to the physical head corresponding to the second logical head; and

mapping a second starting track associated with the same cylinder as a previously mapped track of the plurality of tracks.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein mapping the plurality of tracks of the plurality of cylinders of the cluster associated with the first starting track comprises:

mapping a first adjacent track located in a cylinder adjacent to a cylinder associated with the first starting track; and

mapping a second adjacent track located in a cylinder adjacent to the cylinder associated with the first adjacent track.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

using the physical heads in the order of sorted logical heads, mapping a second plurality of tracks of the plurality of cylinders of the cluster associated with the first starting track until all tracks associated with the cluster have been mapped, wherein the last mapped track of the cluster is associated with a physical head having the lowest data rate in the plurality of physical heads;

switching to the physical head corresponding to the first logical head; and

mapping a third starting track associated with a cluster adjacent to the cluster associated with the first starting track.

16. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

in response to receiving from a host system a storage access operation associated with a logical address, determining a logical head corresponding to the logical address and determining a physical head corresponding to the logical head using the association of the plurality of physical heads to the plurality of logical heads; and

accessing a physical location on a track of the plurality of tracks using the physical head.

17. The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of logical heads are sorted by a decreasing data rate of the plurality of physical heads.

18. A storage drive system comprising:

a plurality of disk platters aligned along a central axis, each disk platter comprising a plurality of disk surfaces, each disk surface comprising a plurality of tracks configured to store data;

a plurality of physical heads associated with the plurality of disk surfaces, each physical head configured to access the plurality of tracks of the corresponding disk surface, wherein at least some physical heads in the plurality of physical heads have different data rates; and

a controller configured to;

associate a plurality of logical heads with the plurality of physical heads, each physical head associated with a different disk surface;

sort the plurality of logical heads by respective data rates of the associated physical heads;

designate as a first logical head the logical head associated with a physical head having a highest data rate in the plurality of physical heads; and

map the plurality of tracks according to a serpentine mapping pattern, said serpentine mapping pattern based on;

     1) the association of the plurality of physical heads with the plurality of logical heads so that a first logical address of a plurality of logical addresses used by a host system to access data stored in the storage drive system is mapped to an outermost track of a disk surface associated with the first logical head and

     2) a plurality of fixed size clusters,

wherein the controller is further configured to map as a first starting track of the serpentine mapping pattern the outermost track of the disk surface associated with the first logical head,

wherein the serpentine mapping pattern associates logical addresses used by a host system with physical locations in the storage drive system, and

wherein mapping the plurality of tracks according to the serpentine mapping pattern results in improved performance as compared to grouping the plurality of tracks into a plurality of zones sorted in accordance with the respective data rates of the plurality of physical heads.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein at least one cluster comprises a plurality of tracks, the plurality of tracks comprising the same number of tracks associated with each logical head of the plurality of logical heads.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the controller is further configured to:

map the plurality of tracks of the at least one cluster associated with the first starting track using the physical head associated with the first logical head;

determine a second logical head associated with a physical head having the next highest data rate;

switch to the physical head associated with the second logical head;

map a second starting track located substantially the same distance from the central axis as the last mapped track associated with the first logical head.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the controller is further configured to:

using the physical heads in the order of sorted logical heads, continue to map the plurality of tracks of the at least one cluster until all the tracks for the cluster have been mapped, wherein the last mapped track of the at least cluster is associated with a physical head having the lowest data rate in the plurality of physical heads;

switch to the physical head corresponding to the first logical head; and

map a third starting track associated with a second cluster as the starting track of the second cluster, wherein the second cluster is adjacent to the at least one cluster.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the second cluster associated with the third starting track is closer to the central axis than the at least one cluster associated with the first starting track.

23. The system of claim 18, further comprising solid-state memory.