Battery resetting process for scaffold fuel electrode

• US 9,214,830 B2
• Filed: 07/01/2015
• Issued: 12/15/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 10/20/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Form Energy, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Fluidic, Inc.
• Inventors: Friesen, Cody A., Krishnan, Ramkumar, Puzhaev, Sergey, Trimble, Todd
• Primary Examiner(s): Crepeau, Jonathan
• Application Number:
  US14/789,382
• Publication Number:
  US 20150311746A1
• Time in Patent Office: 167 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/42 Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells H01M10/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4207 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4242 Regeneration of electrolyte or reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/425 Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing printed circuits H05K1/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/46 Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 12/08 composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/70 Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/77 with external circulating path
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/249 comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

An electrochemical cell includes a fuel electrode configured to operate as an anode to oxidize a fuel when connected to a load. The cell also includes an oxidant electrode configured to operate as a cathode to reduce oxygen when connected to the load. The fuel electrode comprises a plurality of scaffolded electrode bodies. The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell system and method of resetting the electrochemical cell by applying a charge (i.e. voltage or current) to the cell to drive oxidation of the fuel, wherein the fuel electrode operates as an anode, and the second cell operates as a cathode, removing uneven distributions of fuel that may cause premature shorting of the electrode bodies to improve capacity, energy stored, and cell efficiency.

Claims

1. A method for managing a plurality of electrochemical cells using a controller, wherein each of the electrochemical cells comprises a fuel electrode comprising a series of permeable electrode bodies arranged in spaced apart relation for receiving electrodeposited metal fuel;

an oxidant electrode spaced apart from the fuel electrode;

a charging electrode; and

an ionically conductive medium communicating the electrodes;

the controller comprising logic to implement the method, the method comprising;

determining for each of a plurality of the electrochemical cells whether a maintenance operation is needed for the electrochemical cell, whether to bypass the electrochemical cell, or whether to charge or discharge the electrochemical cell;

controlling charging or discharging each of the plurality of electrochemical cells that are determined to be charged or discharged;

electrically isolating each of the plurality of electrochemical cells for which the maintenance operation is determined to be needed from each cell determined to be charged or discharged;

connecting each cell for which the maintenance operation is determined to be needed to a maintenance subsystem; and

performing under control of the maintenance subsystem the maintenance operation on each cell for which the maintenance operation is determined to be needed while electrically isolated from each of the charged or discharged cells.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises determining whether the maintenance operation is needed through sensing one or more measurements associated with each of the plurality of electrochemical cells.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said sensing comprises sensing one or more of a current, a voltage, a fuel growth status, and a charge capacity measurement.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of electrochemical cells are distributed into a plurality of modules comprising one or more electrochemical cells, and wherein said determining is for the plurality of electrochemical cells in each module.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises determining whether maintenance operation is needed by determining if a predetermined amount of elapsed time has occurred since the electrochemical cell was last discharged, or since the electrochemical cell was last maintained.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the maintenance operation is a resetting process.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein an electrical reset current is applied from a power source between the fuel electrode and at least one other electrode, with the fuel electrode functioning as an anode and the other electrode functioning as a cathode, such that the metal fuel on the fuel electrode is oxidized into a reducible fuel species.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the power source comprises an external power source to the electrochemical cell system.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the power source comprises one or more of the plurality of electrochemical cells.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein said charging or discharging, said electrically isolating each electrochemical cell, or said resetting process comprises controlling an open state or a closed state of each of a plurality of switches associated with the electrochemical cell.