Coordinating power distribution line communications

• US 9,214,985 B2
• Filed: 04/02/2014
• Issued: 12/15/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Landis and Gyr Technologies LLC (Landis+Gyr Group AG)
• Original Assignee: Landis and Gyr Technologies LLC (Landis+Gyr Group AG)
• Inventors: Wolter, Chad, Flen, Rolf, Bonicatto, Damian
• Primary Examiner(s): Kim, Kevin
• Application Number:
  US14/243,299
• Publication Number:
  US 20140211867A1
• Time in Patent Office: 622 Days
• Field of Search: 375/356, 375/369, 375/354, 375/257, 375/259
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5408 using protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5441 Wireless systems or telephone
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/542 the information being in digital form
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0638 Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation synchronization for ring networks H04L12/422; data switching networks with synchronous transmission H04L12/43
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/0091 Transmitter details

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure are also directed towards a method that includes maintaining a transmission period which has a start time and an end time synchronized to metrological time. Further, this method, in response to the start time, begins transmission of a frame, which includes a plurality of symbols. This transmission occurs over power distribution lines that carry power using alternating current (AC). This method also includes synchronizing a transmission time for each symbol of the plurality of symbols according to a time-based parameter of the AC. In response to reaching an end of the frame, a synchronization symbol period is determined for a synchronization symbol, as a function of the transmission times, for the plurality of symbols and time from the end of the frame to the end time. The synchronization symbol is then transmitted on the power distribution lines.

Claims

1. A method useful for coordinating communications between multiple endpoint devices and multiple collector devices, the communications occurring over power distribution lines that carry power using alternating current (AC), the method comprising:

communicating data from the collector devices to the endpoint devices over the power distribution lines using a communication protocol that uses a first timing and a second timing, the first timing being a parameter that indicates when data frames are to be transmitted and the second timing being a parameter that indicates when symbols within the data frames are to be transmitted;

at each collector device,

maintaining a collector network time using a locally generated time base;

determining the first timing and the second timing based on a frequency of the AC; and

providing the collector network time to the endpoint devices.

2. The method of claim 1, further including the steps of calculating the time from the end of a first frame, as determined by the second timing, to the start of a second frame, as determined by the first timing;

and determining how many synchronization symbols can be transmitted before the start of the second frame, the number of synchronization symbols being determined based upon a rate of symbol transmission for the first frame and the calculated time.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the collector network time is adjusted in response to a standardized time that is maintained external to the collector device.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first timing defines when data frames are transmitted, and thereafter, data symbols are transmitted in response to a detected frequency of the AC.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the data symbols are encoded using one of amplitude shift keying, quadrature phase shift keying, differential phase shift keying and frequency shift keying.

6. The method of claim 5, further including a step of sensing the frequency of the AC carried on the power distribution lines by periodically operating a software code module to sense a signal value of the AC, wherein the software code module is periodically operated at a rate that is sufficiently fast to provide synchronicity for the encoded symbols to be decoded at an endpoint device using another software code module to sense a signal value of the AC.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the rate is over 1 KHz.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of communicating data from the collector devices includes communications to at least a thousand endpoints from one of the collector devices.

9. The method of claim 1, further including a step of determining a frequency of the AC by one of sensing a zero-crossing event and sensing a minimum/maximum signal event.

10. A method comprising:

maintaining a transmission period having a start time and an end time that are each synchronized to network time;

in response to the start time, transmitting a frame between circuitry of at least one collector device and circuitry of at least one endpoint device, over power distribution lines, that includes a plurality of data-carrying symbols, in response to a timing parameter derived from an alternating current (AC);

in response to reaching an end of the frame,

determining a synchronization symbol period for a synchronization symbol as a function of transmission times for the plurality of data-carrying symbols in the frame and time from the end of the frame to the end time; and

transmitting the synchronization symbol on the power distribution lines.

11. The method of claim 10, further including a step of transmitting additional synchronization symbols before the end time, wherein the additional synchronization symbols have a symbol period that is different from the determined synchronization symbol period.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein each symbol of the plurality of data-carrying symbols has a common symbol period and the synchronization symbol period is different from the common symbol period.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein each symbol of the plurality of data-carrying symbols has a common symbol period, wherein the step of determining the synchronization symbol period includes determining a number of symbols, having the common symbol period, that can be transmitted in the time from the end of the frame to the end time.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein each symbol of the plurality of data-carrying symbols has a symbol period corresponding to a set number of signal transitions of the AC.

15. The method of claim 10, further including a step of determining an average AC line frequency based upon signal transitions of the AC for a previously transmitted frame and wherein the step of determining the symbol period for the synchronization symbol uses the determined average AC line frequency as an input to an algorithm.

16. An apparatus comprising:

a time clock circuit responsive to a frequency of an alternating current (AC) that is carried on power distribution lines;

a processing circuit configured and arranged to

determine a transmission period having a start time and an end time that are each determined using the time clock circuit;

begin, in response to the start time, transmission of a frame that includes a plurality of symbols, the transmission occurring over the power distribution lines;

synchronize a transmission time for each symbol of the plurality of symbols with the time clock circuit; and

in response to reaching an end of the frame,

determine a synchronization symbol period for a synchronization symbol as a function of time from the end of the frame to the end time and transmission times for the plurality of symbols; and

transmit the synchronization symbol on the power distribution lines.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein each symbol of the plurality of symbols has a common symbol period and the symbol period of the synchronization symbol is less than the common symbol period.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein each symbol of the plurality of symbols has a common symbol period and wherein the processing circuit is further configured and arranged to determine the synchronization symbol period by determining a number of symbols, having the common symbol period, that can be transmitted in the time from the end of the frame to the end time.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein each symbol of the plurality of symbols has a symbol period corresponding to a set number of signal transitions of the AC.

20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processing circuit is further configured and arranged to determine an average AC line frequency based upon signal transitions of the AC for a previously transmitted frame and to determine the synchronization symbol period using the determined average AC line frequency as an input to an algorithm.