Battery, negative electrode active material, and electric tool

• US 9,225,014 B2
• Filed: 06/01/2015
• Issued: 12/29/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 06/24/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Murata Manufacturing Co Limited
• Original Assignee: Sony Corporation (Sony Group Corp.)
• Inventors: Hirose, Takakazu, Kawase, Kenichi, Fujinaga, Takashi, Koizumi, Isao, Nishi, Toshio
• Primary Examiner(s): DOUYETTE, KENNETH J
• Application Number:
  US14/726,811
• Publication Number:
  US 20150263344A1
• Time in Patent Office: 211 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/021 Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/027 Negative electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/028 Positive electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/30 Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/133 Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/134 Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/364 as mixtures
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/366 as layered products
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/38 of elements or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/381 Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements H01M4/40 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/382 Lithium H01M4/405 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/386 Silicon or alloys based on silicon
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/387 Tin or alloys based on tin
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/463 Aluminium based
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/48 of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 : of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/54 : of silver
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/583 : Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/587 : for inserting or intercalating light metals
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/622 : being polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/623 : fluorinated polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/626 : Metals
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A battery is provided including a positive electrode; a negative electrode including a first negative electrode active material; and an electrolytic solution, wherein the first negative electrode active material includes a core portion having a core portion surface, wherein the core portion has a median diameter of 0.3 μm to 20 μm, and a covering portion that covers at least part of the core portion surface, wherein the covering portion comprises at least Si, O and at least of one element M1 selected from Li, carbon (C), Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Zr, Mo, Ag, Sn, Ba, W, Ta, Na, and K.

Claims

1. A battery comprising:

a positive electrode;

a negative electrode including a first negative electrode active material; and

an electrolytic solution,

wherein the first negative electrode active material includes;

a core portion having a core portion surface, wherein the core portion has a median diameter of 0.3 μ

m to 20 μ

m, and

a covering portion that covers at least part of the core portion surface,

wherein the covering portion comprises at least Si, O and at least of one element M1 selected from Li, carbon (C), Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Zr, Mo, Ag, Sn, Ba, W, Ta, Na, and K.

2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the covering portion covers from 30% to 100% of the core portion surface.

3. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the covering portion has a thickness of 1 nm to 10,000 nm.

4. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the covering portion has a multilayer structure.

5. The battery according to claim 1,

wherein the first negative electrode active material includes a conductive portion that covers at least part of a surface of the covering portion, and wherein the conductive portion has a lower electrical resistance than any one of the core portion and the covering portion.

6. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode further includes a second negative electrode active material.

7. The battery according to claim 6, wherein the second negative electrode active material includes a carbon material.

8. The battery according to claim 7, wherein the core portion includes carbon.

9. The battery according to claim 8, wherein the element M1 is carbon.

10. The battery according to claim 9, wherein the positive electrode includes

lithium cobalt oxide.

11. The battery according to claim 1, wherein an atomic ratio y (O/Si) of O to Si in the covering portion is 0.5≦

y≦

1.8.

12. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the core portion includes at least one of Si and Sn.

13. The battery according to claim 7, wherein the electrolytic solution includes a nonaqueous solvent comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a halogenated chain carbonate and a halogenated cyclic carbonate.

14. The battery according to claim 13, wherein the halogenated cyclic carbonate comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one.

15. The battery according to claim 13, wherein an amount of the at least one selected from the group consisting of the halogenated chain carbonate and the halogenated cyclic carbonate ranges from 0.01% by weight to 50% by weight of the nonaqueous solvent.

16. The battery according to claim 7, wherein the negative electrode includes a negative electrode collector comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon and sulfur.

17. The battery according to claim 16, wherein a content of the at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon and sulfur in the negative electrode collector is 100 ppm or less.

18. An electric tool comprising:

a battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, and an electrolytic solution; and

a moving part configured to be powered by the battery,

wherein the negative electrode active material includes;

a core portion having a core portion surface, wherein the core portion has a median diameter of 0.3 μ

m to 20 μ

m, and

a covering portion that covers at least part of the core portion surface,

wherein the covering portion comprises at least Si, O and at least of one element M1 selected from Li, carbon (C), Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Zr, Mo, Ag, Sn, Ba, W, Ta, Na, and K.

19. A negative electrode active material comprising:

a core portion having a core portion surface, wherein the core portion has a median diameter of 0.3 μ

m to 20 μ

m, and

a covering portion that covers at least a part of the core portion surface,

wherein the covering portion comprises at least Si and O and at least of one element M1 selected from Li, carbon (C), Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Zr, Mo, Ag, Sn, Ba, W, Ta, Na, and K.

20. The negative electrode active material according to claim 19, wherein the covering portion covers from 30% to 100% of the core portion surface.

21. The negative electrode active material according to claim 19, wherein the covering portion has a thickness of 1 nm to 10,000 nm.

22. The negative electrode active material according to claim 19, wherein the covering portion has a multilayer structure.

23. The negative electrode active material according to claim 19, further comprising a conductive portion that covers at least part of a surface of the covering portion, wherein the conductive portion has a lower electrical resistance than any one of the core portion and the covering portion.

24. The negative electrode active material according to claim 19, wherein the element M1 is carbon.

25. The negative electrode active material according to claim 19, wherein an atomic ratio y (O/Si) of O to Si is 0.5≦

y≦

1.8.

26. The negative electrode active material according to claim 19, wherein the core portion includes at least one of Si and Sn.

27. The negative electrode active material according to claim 19, wherein the core portion includes carbon.