Card reader device for contactless readable cards and method for operating said card reader device

• US 9,235,735 B2
• Filed: 02/19/2010
• Issued: 01/12/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 02/20/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Bundesdruckerei GmbH (Government of Germany), Identive Technologies PVT Limited
• Original Assignee: Bundesdruckerei GmbH (Government of Germany), Identive Technologies PVT Limited
• Inventors: Balasubramanian, Duraipandianadar, Peters, Florian
• Primary Examiner(s): PHAM, QUANG
• Application Number:
  US13/202,587
• Publication Number:
  US 20110309913A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,153 Days
• Field of Search: 340/10.1, 340/10.2, 340/10.3, 340/10.4
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10198 setting parameters for the interrogator, e.g. programming parameters and operating modes
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10336 the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2471 Antenna signal processing by receiver or emitter
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/2216 used in interrogator/reader equipment
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combination with power transfer

Abstract

A card reader device is configured to carry out communication with a contactless readable card according to standard ISO/IEC 14443 type B. In order to provide that a modulation index, which self-adjusts in close range in a presence of a contactless readable card, corresponds to a desired specified modulation index, the magnetic field is received and evaluated via a reception antenna of the card reader device. The modulation index is controlled or regulated accordingly in case of deviations between a measured modulation index and a specified value for the modulation index in order to approximate the measured modulation index to the specified value.

Claims

1. A method of operating a card reader to perform a separate customization sequence to improve communication between the card reader and a contactlessly readable card situated in a local area of the card reader, which comprises steps of:

producing a radio frequency magnetic field in the local area of the card reader, a magnetic field strength of the radio frequency magnetic field is controlled in order to execute communication with the contactlessly readable card, and an information transmission from the card reader to the contactlessly readable card situated in the local area prompts an execution of amplitude shift keying modulation between two non-zero magnetic field strengths, an unmodulated magnetic field strength a and a modulated magnetic field strength b;

evaluating the radio frequency magnetic field with unmodulated magnetic field strength and the radio frequency magnetic field with modulated magnetic field strength for detecting and analyzing a variation in the radio frequency magnetic field by the contactlessly readable card situated in the local area;

evaluating the radio frequency magnetic field with the unmodulated magnetic field strength and the radio frequency magnetic field with the modulated magnetic field strength using one of a reception inductor or reception antenna, which is different than a transmission inductor or a transmission antenna that is used, to receive the radio frequency magnetic field signal with the unmodulated magnetic field strength and the radio frequency magnetic field with the modulated magnetic field strength and ascertaining a modulation index m_measured, the modulation index m_measured is formed as a quotient of a difference between the unmodulated magnetic field strength a_measured and the modulated magnetic field strength b_measured and a sum of the two magnetic field strengths a_measured, b_measured(m_measured=(a_measured−

b_measured)/(a_measured+b_measured));

wherein the a_measured represents the radio frequency magnetic field with the unmodulated magnetic field strength and the b_measured represents the radio frequency magnetic field with the modulated magnetic field strength for calculating the modulation index m_measured using a detection circuit of the card reader and wherein the detection circuit determines the values a_measured, b_measured representing the magnetic field strengths from the received radio frequency magnetic field signal, so that the values represent the radio frequency magnetic field strength that is averaged over time for the communication between the card reader and the contactlessly readable card;

comparing the modulation index m_measured ascertained with a prescribed modulation index m_prescribed;

customizing the magnetic field strengths when controlling a production of the radio frequency magnetic field in order to bring the modulation index m_measured more into line with the prescribed modulation index m_prescribed; and

executing the separate customization sequence iteratively which includes substeps of;

performing the amplitude shift keying between the unmodulated magnetic field strength a and the modulated magnetic field strength b, and

varying at least one of the modulated magnetic field strength or the unmodulated magnetic field strength, in each case on a basis of a comparison between the modulation index m_measured ascertained and the prescribed modulation index m_prescribed, in order to prompt the ascertained modulation index m_measured to be brought more into line with the prescribed modulation index m_prescribed.

2. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises configuring the card reader to execute communication on a basis of an ISO/IEC 14443 standard.

3. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises evaluating and readjusting a transmission signal to customize the modulation index m_measured to suit the prescribed modulation index before the radio frequency magnetic field is switched off at an end of an unsuccessful polling sequence or when the radio frequency magnetic field is switched off.

4. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises terminating the customization sequence if a discrepancy between the ascertained modulation index m_measured and the prescribed modulation index m_prescribed is within a tolerance range or a prescribed number of iterations is executed.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the iterative shift keying between the unmodulated magnetic field strength a and the modulated magnetic field strength b during the separate customization sequence takes place at a customization sequence shift keying frequency which differs from a frequency, by at least one order of magnitude, which is used for shift keying for the information transmission between the card reader and the contactlessly readable card.

6. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises executing the separate customization sequence during a transmission of information between the card reader and the contactlessly readable card in transmission pauses.

7. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises executing the separate customization sequence after a check to determine whether the contactlessly readable card continues to be in the local area before the information interchange is continued.

8. A card reader for performing a separate customization to improve communicating with a contactlessly readable card in a local area of the card reader, the card reader comprising:

a controllable transmission unit for producing a radio frequency magnetic field in the local area of the card reader, a magnetic field strength of the radio frequency magnetic field can be controlled to execute communication with the contactlessly readable card, said controllable transmission unit configured to execute amplitude shift keying modulation between two non-zero magnetic field strengths, including an unmodulated magnetic field strength a and a modulated magnetic field strength b, for an information transmission from the card reader to the contactlessly readable card situated in the local area;

an evaluation unit for evaluating the radio frequency magnetic field with unmodulated magnetic field strength and the radio frequency magnetic field with modulated magnetic field strength to detect and analyze a variation in the magnetic field by the contactlessly readable card situated in the local area;

a reception unit selected from the group consisting of a reception antenna and a reception inductor, which is different than a transmission antenna or a transmission inductor that is used for producing the radio frequency magnetic field, said reception unit receiving the radio frequency magnetic field signal with the unmodulated magnetic field strength and the radio frequency magnetic field with the modulated magnetic field strength and linked to said evaluation unit;

a control unit;

said evaluation unit having a detection circuit for ascertaining a received magnetic field strength and supplies it to said control unit configured to ascertain a modulation index m_measured, the modulation index m_measured being defined as a quotient of a difference between the unmodulated magnetic field strength a_measured and the modulated magnetic field strength b_measured and a sum of the two magnetic field strengths a_measured, b_measured (m_measured=(a_measured−

b_measured)/(a_measured+b_measured)), and to compare an ascertained modulation index m_measured with a prescribed modulation index m_prescribed and to actuate said controllable transmission unit to bring the ascertained modulation index m_measured more into line with the prescribed modulation index m_prescribed; and

said control unit executing the separate customization sequence iteratively which includes the steps of;

subjecting an amplitude of a magnetic field to shift keying between the unmodulated magnetic field strength a and the modulated magnetic field strength b, and

varying at least one of the modulated magnetic field strength b or the unmodulated magnetic field strength, in each case on a basis of a comparison between the ascertained the ascertained modulation index m_prescribed to be brought more into line with the prescribed modulation index m_prescribed;

wherein said evaluation unit has a measuring circuit for measuring the a_measured represents the radio frequency magnetic field with the unmodulated magnetic field strength and the b_measured represents the radio frequency magnetic field with the modulated magnetic field strength for calculating the modulation index m_measured using the detection circuit of the card reader and wherein said measuring circuit determines the values a_measured, b_measured representing the magnetic field strengths from the received radio frequency magnetic field signal, so that the values represent a magnetic field strength that is averaged over time.

9. The card reader according to claim 8, wherein the card reader executes communication on a basis of an ISO/IEC 14443 standard.

10. The card reader according to claim 8, wherein said control unit is configured to evaluate and customize a controller in order to customize the ascertained modulation index m_measured to suit the prescribed modulation index m_prescribed before the radio frequency magnetic field is switched off, including at an end of an unsuccessful polling sequence.

11. The card reader according to claim 8, wherein said control unit terminates the customization sequence if a discrepancy between the ascertained modulation index m_measured and the prescribed modulation index m_prescribed or a prescribed number of iterations is executed.

12. The card reader according to claim 8, wherein said control unit controls the iterative shift keying between the unmodulated magnetic field strength a and the modulated magnetic field strength b during the customization sequence at the separate customization sequence shift keying frequency which differs from a frequency, which is used for shift keying for the information transmission between the card reader and the contactlessly readable card.

13. The card reader according to claim 12, wherein said control unit executes the separate customization sequence during the information transmission between the card reader and the contactlessly readable card in transmission pauses.

14. The card reader according to claim 12, wherein the separate customization sequence shift keying frequency differs from the frequency by at least one order of magnitude.

15. The card reader according to claim 8, wherein said measuring circuit has the detection circuit with a downstream analog/digital converter, wherein said detection circuit has a low-pass circuit for ascertaining an effective value.

16. The card reader according to claim 8, wherein said measuring circuit evaluates positive and negative half-cycles of the received radio frequency magnetic field signal separately.

17. The card reader according to claim 8, wherein:

said transmission unit has a modulation circuit;

said evaluation unit has a demodulation circuit, said modulation circuit in said transmission unit with said demodulation circuit in said evaluation unit are integrated in an integrated controllable circuit, wherein the magnetic field strengths produced can be controlled by means of register values for output resistance values which can be set by means of control commands from said control unit.